LEADER 00892nam0-22002771i-450- 001 990007699460403321 005 20100623095946.0 035 $a000769946 035 $aFED01000769946 035 $a(Aleph)000769946FED01 035 $a000769946 100 $a20030814d--------km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aita 200 1 $a<>legal aspect of money with special referenca to Comparativa Private and Public International Law$fF. A. Mann 205 $a4. ed. 210 $aOxford$cClarendon Press$d1982 215 $a602 p.$d24 cm 676 $a346 700 1$aMann,$bFrederick Alexander$f<1907-1991>$0114111 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990007699460403321 952 $a19-A-270$b4519$fDDCP 959 $aDDCP 996 $aLegal aspect of money with special referenca to Comparativa Private and Public International Law$9681455 997 $aUNINA LEADER 00811nam a2200241 i 4500 001 991003056249707536 005 20021022145148.0 008 960610s1980 it ||| | ita 035 $ab11748278-39ule_inst 035 $aLE021FD225256$9ExL 040 $aDip. 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Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Biomass and its Products; 1.1.1 Products of Biomass; 1.1.1.1 Chemicals Industries; 1.1.1.2 Energy Industries; 1.1.1.3 Transport Industries; 1.1.1.4 Environmental Industries; 1.2 Biomass Conversion; 1.2.1 Biochemical Conversion; 1.2.2 Thermo chemical Conversion; 1.2.2.1 Combustion; 1.2.2.2 Pyrolysis; 1.2.2.3 Torrefaction; 1.2.2.4 Gasification; 1.2.2.5 Liquefaction; 1.3 Motivation for Biomass Conversion; 1.3.1 Renewability Benefits 327 $a1.3.2 Environmental Benefits 1.3.2.1 Carbon-Neutral Feature of Biomass; 1.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal; 1.3.2.3 Nitrogen Removal; 1.3.2.4 Dust and Hazardous Gases; 1.3.3 Sociopolitical Benefits; 1.4 Historical Background; 1.5 Commercial Attraction of Gasification; 1.5.1 Comparison of Gasification and Combustion; 1.6 Brief Description of Some Biomass Conversion Processes; 1.6.1 Torrefaction; 1.6.2 Pyrolysis; 1.6.3 Combustion of Carbon; 1.6.4 Gasification of Carbon; 1.6.5 Syngas Production; 1.6.6 Methanol Synthesis; 1.6.7 Ammonia Synthesis; 1.6.8 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction; 1.6.9 Methanation Reaction 327 $aSymbols and Nomenclature 2 Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biomass Availability and Products; 2.2.1 Availability Assessment; 2.2.1.1 Energy Crop; 2.2.1.2 Biomass Cost; 2.2.2 Product Revenue from Biomass Conversion; 2.2.2.1 Energy Revenue; 2.2.2.2 Revenue from Chemicals; 2.2.2.3 Revenue from Secondary Fuel Production; 2.3 Biomass Conversion Process Plant Equipment and Cost; 2.3.1 Biomass Collection System; 2.3.2 Preprocessing; 2.3.3 Gasifier Cost; 2.3.4 Torrefier Cost; 2.3.5 Pyrolyzer Cost; 2.3.6 Comparison of Capital Costs; 2.4 Financial Analysis 327 $a2.4.1 Capital Cost Adjustment for Size and Time 2.4.1.1 Scale-Up with Size; 2.4.1.2 Scale-Up with Time; 2.4.2 Capital Requirement; 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Cost; 2.4.3.1 Carrying Charge; 2.4.3.2 Revenue Requirement; Symbols and Nomenclature; 3 Biomass Characteristics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Biomass?; 3.2.1 Biomass Formation; 3.2.2 Types of Biomass; 3.2.2.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.2.2.2 Crops and Vegetables; 3.2.2.3 Waste Biomass; 3.3 Structure of Biomass; 3.3.1 Structure of Wood; 3.3.2 Constituents of Biomass Cells; 3.3.2.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2.2 Hemicellulose; 3.3.2.3 Lignin 327 $a3.4 General Classification of Fuels 3.4.1 Atomic Ratio; 3.4.2 Relative Proportions of Lignocellulosic Components; 3.4.3 Ternary Diagram; 3.5 Properties of Biomass; 3.5.1 Physical Properties; 3.5.1.1 Densities; True Density; Apparent Density; Bulk Density; Biomass (Growth) Density; 3.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties; 3.5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity; 3.5.2.2 Specific Heat; 3.5.2.3 Heat of Formation; 3.5.2.4 Heat of Combustion (Reaction); 3.5.2.5 Heating Value; 3.5.2.6 Ignition Temperature; 3.6 Composition of Biomass; 3.6.1 Ultimate Analysis; 3.6.2 Proximate Analysis; 3.6.2.1 Volatile Matter 327 $a3.6.2.2 Ash 330 $aBiomass is the most widely used non-fossil fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long-term given the increasing proliferation of dedicated energy crops for biofuels. The second edition of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis is enhanced with new topics, such as torrefaction and cofiring, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass conversion systems. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and op 606 $aBiomass gasification 606 $aPyrolysis 615 0$aBiomass gasification. 615 0$aPyrolysis. 676 $a662.88 700 $aBasu$b Prabir$f1946-$015496 801 0$bMiFhGG 801 1$bMiFhGG 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910823841203321 996 $aBiomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction$91550060 997 $aUNINA