LEADER 03833nam 2200541 a 450 001 9910463270903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a3-95489-553-6 035 $a(CKB)2670000000406246 035 $a(EBL)1324054 035 $a(OCoLC)854977226 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001165377 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11751187 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001165377 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11198972 035 $a(PQKB)10855875 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1324054 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1324054 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10735019 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000406246 100 $a20130805d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe paradox that is diplomatic recognition$b[electronic resource] $eunpacking the Somaliland situation /$fJohn Rabuogi Ahere 210 $aHamburg $cAnchor Academic Pub.$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (97 p.) 300 $aCover title. 311 $a3-95489-053-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aThe Paradox that is Diplomatic Recognition: Unpacking the Somaliland Situation; Abstract; List of Abbreviations; Table of Contents; Chapter One; 1.1 Background to the Study; 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem; 1.3 Objectives of the study; 1.4 Literature Review; 1.5 Justification of the study; 1.6 Conceptual framework; 1.7 Hypotheses; 1.8 Research Methodology; Chapter Two; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Pre-colonial and colonial period; 2.3 Post-colonial Somalia; 2.4 Somalia since 1991; 2.5 Conclusions; Chapter Three; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Secessionist cases in Africa: an overview 327 $a3.2.1 Western Sahara3.2.2 Ogaden Reserve Area and the Haud; 3.2.3 Biafra; 3.2.4 Katanga; 3.2.5 Eritrea; 3.2.6 South Sudan; 3.3 Somaliland's justification for recognition; 3.3.1 Colonial history, international law and the criteria for recognition; 3.3.2 The nature of interactions with the world; 3.4 Positions of regional and sub-regional institutions; 3.4.1 The United Nations (UN); 3.4.2 The Organisation of African Unity (OAU)/African Union (AU); 3.4.3 Inter-governmental authority on Development (IGAD) and East AfricanCommunity (EAC); 3.5 Perspectives of the Somalis 327 $a3.5.1 The Somalia government standpoint3.5.2 Other Opinions; 3.6 Conclusions; Chapter Four; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Somaliland in post-1991 war-torn Somalia and the peace process; 4.3 Role of politics in the recognition of states; 4.4 International legal perspectives; 4.5 Other issues; 4.6 Conclusions; Chapter Five; 5.1 Summary; 5.2 Key Findings; 5.3 Recommendations; 5.3.1 Resolving Somali problems with Somali solutions; 5.3.2 The Role of UN, AU and Sub-regional organisations; Bibliography 330 $aHauptbeschreibung Somaliland is an example of a territory that has fulfilled the conditions that are pre-requisite for state recognition in the international system. Somaliland is however, not recognised as a state. Questions abound about why Somaliland finds itself in this situation when there are territories which obtained recognition after fulfilling a fraction of what Somaliland has achieved. This study contributes to answering the aforementioned questions. This study has certain objectives. It delved into the examination of the criteria that is used for the recognition of states in the in 607 $aSomalia$xPolitics and government$y1991- 607 $aSomaliland (Secessionist government, 1991- )$xInternational status 608 $aElectronic books. 676 $a967.7305 700 $aAhere$b John Rabuogi$0981663 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463270903321 996 $aThe paradox that is diplomatic recognition$92240449 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01034nam a22002651i 4500 001 991001675729707536 005 20031202091825.0 008 040407s19uu it a||||||||||||||||ita 035 $ab12806687-39ule_inst 035 $aARCHE-078631$9ExL 040 $aDip.to Scienze Storiche$bita$cA.t.i. Arché s.c.r.l. Pandora Sicilia s.r.l. 082 04$a914.5757 245 03$aIl lago di Varano /$ca cura di Ruggero De Angelis 260 $aRoma :$bBardi,$c[19..] 300 $a122 p., [2] c. di tav. ripieg. :$bill. ;$c24 cm 440 0$aMemoria ;$v10 500 $aIn testa al front.: Ministero della Marina mercantile, Direzione generale della pesca marittima. 651 4$aLago di Varano 700 1 $aDe Angelis, Ruggero 907 $a.b12806687$b02-04-14$c16-04-04 912 $a991001675729707536 945 $aLE009 GEOG.14.434-149$g1$i2009000163805$lle009$o-$pE0.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u0$v0$w0$x0$y.i13354450$z16-04-04 996 $aLago di Varano$9298490 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale009$b16-04-04$cm$da $e-$fita$git $h3$i1 LEADER 10731nam 22005293 450 001 9910993876603321 005 20250404080327.0 010 $a9781394287864 010 $a1394287860 010 $a9781394287888 010 $a1394287887 010 $a9781394287871 010 $a1394287879 035 $a(CKB)38125069200041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31981226 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31981226 035 $a(OCoLC)1513419909 035 $a(EXLCZ)9938125069200041 100 $a20250404d2025 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMicrobial Colorants $eChemistry, Biosynthesis and Applications 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aNewark :$cJohn Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,$d2025. 210 4$d©2025. 215 $a1 online resource (0 pages) 311 08$a9781394287857 311 08$a1394287852 327 $aCover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I: Microbial Pigment Sources and Diversity -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Microbial Colorants -- 1.1 Background and Significance -- 1.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments -- 1.2.1 Classification Based on the Source -- 1.2.1.1 Bacterial Pigments -- 1.2.1.2 Fungal Pigments -- 1.2.1.3 Algal Pigments -- 1.2.1.4 Pigments from Cyanobacteria -- 1.2.1.5 Pigments from Lichens -- 1.2.1.6 Pigments from Yeasts, Actinomycetes, and Archaea -- 1.2.1.7 Conventional Microbial Pigment Sources -- 1.2.1.8 Nonconventional Microbial Pigment Sources -- 1.2.2 Classification Based on the Chemical Nature of Pigments -- 1.2.2.1 Carotenoids -- 1.2.2.2 Terpenoids -- 1.2.2.3 Chlorophylls -- 1.2.2.4 Flavins -- 1.2.2.5 Polyketides -- 1.2.2.6 Amino Acid Derivatives -- 1.2.2.7 Cyclic Peptides -- 1.2.2.8 Indigoids -- 1.2.2.9 Betalains -- 1.3 Industrial Applications of Microbial Pigments -- 1.3.1 Food Industry -- 1.3.2 Pharmaceutical Industry -- 1.3.3 Cosmetics Industry -- 1.3.4 Textile Industry -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Bacterial Pigments: Diversity and Biosynthesis Pathways -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Diversity of Bacterial Pigments -- 2.2.1 Carotenoids -- 2.2.1.1 Structure -- 2.2.1.2 Function -- 2.2.1.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.2 Prodiginines -- 2.2.2.1 Structure -- 2.2.2.2 Function -- 2.2.2.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.3 Pyocyanin -- 2.2.3.1 Structure -- 2.2.3.2 Function -- 2.2.3.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.4 Quinones -- 2.2.4.1 Structure -- 2.2.4.2 Function -- 2.2.4.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.5 Other Bacterial Pigments -- 2.2.5.1 Phycoerythrin -- 2.2.5.2 Phycocyanin -- 2.2.5.3 Melanin -- 2.2.5.4 Violacein -- 2.2.5.5 Indigoidine -- 2.2.5.6 Flexirubin -- 2.2.5.7 Pyoverdine -- 2.2.5.8 Aura Chin -- 2.3 Applications of Bacterial Pigments -- 2.3.1 Food Industry -- 2.3.2 Medical Field. 327 $a2.3.3 Energy-Related Technologies -- 2.3.4 Other Applications -- 2.4 Future Research -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Fungal Pigments: A Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Colors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 What are Fungal Pigments? -- 3.3 Why Fungal Pigments? -- 3.4 Source of Fungal Pigments -- 3.4.1 Alternaria spp. -- 3.4.2 Aspergillus spp. -- 3.4.3 Chaetomium spp. -- 3.4.4 Daldinia spp. -- 3.4.5 Fusarium spp. -- 3.4.6 Hypoxylon spp. -- 3.4.7 Monascus spp. -- 3.4.8 Neurospora spp. -- 3.4.9 Penicillium spp. -- 3.4.10 Pyrenophora spp. -- 3.4.11 Talaromyces spp. -- 3.4.12 Trichoderma spp. -- 3.4.13 Other Genera -- 3.5 Extraction Methods of Fungal Pigments -- 3.5.1 Extracellular Pigment Extraction -- 3.5.2 Intracellular Pigment Extraction -- 3.5.2.1 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique -- 3.5.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 3.5.2.3 Ionic Liquid-Assisted Extraction -- 3.5.2.4 Supercritical Extraction -- 3.5.2.5 Pulsed Electric Field -- 3.5.2.6 Pressurized Liquid Extraction -- 3.6 Applications of Fungal Pigments -- 3.6.1 Fungal Pigments in Food Industry -- 3.6.2 Fungal Pigments Applications in Textile Industry -- 3.6.3 Fungal Pigment as Antibacterial Agent -- 3.6.4 Fungal Pigments as Antioxidants -- 3.6.5 Fungal Pigments in Cosmetic Industry -- 3.6.6 Fungal Pigments as Anticancerous Agents -- 3.7 Limitations and Challenges -- 3.8 Mycotoxicity Testing -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Algal and Cyanobacterial Colorants: From Chlorophyll to Phycocyanin -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microalgae Pigments -- 4.2.1 Chlorophyll Pigments -- 4.2.2 Phycobiliprotein Pigments -- 4.2.3 Carotenoid Pigments -- 4.3 Production and Extraction Methodologies for Enhancement the Pigment Productivity -- 4.3.1 Microalgae Production -- 4.3.1.1 Microalgae Cultivation Systems -- 4.3.1.2 Culture Conditions. 327 $a4.3.2 Extraction of Microalgae Pigments -- 4.4 Industrial Applications and Market Trends of Microalgae Pigments -- 4.5 Sustainability of Microalgae Pigments and Future Perspectives -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Nonconventional Microbial Sources-Yeast, Actinomycetes, Archaea -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Nonconventional Microbes -- 5.2.1 Nonconventional Yeasts -- 5.2.1.1 Kluyveromyces marxianus -- 5.2.1.2 Kluyveromyces lactis -- 5.2.1.3 Yarrowia lipolytica -- 5.2.1.4 Hansenula polymorpha -- 5.2.1.5 Trichosporon oleaginosus -- 5.2.1.6 Debaryomyces hansenii -- 5.2.1.7 Dekkera bruxellensis -- 5.2.1.8 Pichia pastoris -- 5.2.1.9 Pichia kudriavzevii -- 5.2.1.10 Scheffersomyces stipitis -- 5.2.1.11 Rhodotorula toruloides -- 5.2.2 Actinomycetes -- 5.2.2.1 Corynebacterium -- 5.2.2.2 Rhodococcus -- 5.2.2.3 Streptomyces -- 5.2.3 Archaea -- 5.3 Nonconventional Hosts with Important Industrial Applications -- 5.4 Genetic Engineering Tools for Nonconventional Microbes -- 5.4.1 Plasmids -- 5.4.2 Promoters and Terminators -- 5.4.3 DNA Repair -- 5.4.4 RNA Interference -- 5.4.5 CRISPR/Cas9 -- 5.5 Software Packaging Tools for CRISPR Screen Evaluation -- 5.5.1 MAGeCK-VISPR -- 5.5.2 CRISPhieRmix -- 5.5.3 JACKS -- 5.5.4 BAGEL2 -- 5.5.5 acCRISPR -- 5.6 Comprehensive Understanding of Genetic Modification Tools on Microbial Nonconventional Platforms -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Chemistry of Microbial Pigments -- Chapter 6 Introduction to Chemistry of Microbial Colorants: Structures, Properties, and Biosynthesis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Isoprenoid Pigments -- 6.2.1 Carotenoids -- 6.2.1.1 Properties of Carotenoids -- 6.2.1.2 Biosynthesis of Carotenoids -- 6.3 Flavins -- 6.3.1 Riboflavin (B2) -- 6.3.1.1 Properties of Riboflavin -- 6.3.1.2 Biosynthesis of Riboflavin -- 6.4 Tetrapyrrole-Containing Pigments -- 6.4.1 Chlorophylls. 327 $a6.4.1.1 Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls -- 6.4.2 Phycobilins -- 6.4.2.1 Properties of Phycobilins -- 6.4.2.2 Biosynthesis of Phycobilins -- 6.4.3 Indigoids -- 6.4.3.1 Properties of Indigoids -- 6.4.3.2 Biosynthesis of Indigo -- 6.5 Alkaloid Pigments -- 6.5.1 Prodigiosines -- 6.5.1.1 Properties of Prodigiosines -- 6.5.1.2 Biosynthesis of Prodigiosin -- 6.5.2 Betalains -- 6.5.2.1 Properties of Betacyanins and Betaxanthins -- 6.5.2.2 Biosynthesis of Betalains -- 6.5.3 Violacein -- 6.5.3.1 Properties of Violacein -- 6.5.3.2 Biosynthesis of Violacein -- 6.5.4 Phenazines -- 6.5.4.1 Properties of Pyocyanin -- 6.5.4.2 Biosynthesis of Phenazines -- 6.6 Polyketide Pigments -- 6.6.1 Quinones -- 6.6.1.1 Properties of Quinones -- 6.6.1.2 Biosynthesis of Quinones -- 6.6.2 Azaphilones -- 6.6.2.1 Properties of Azaphilones -- 6.6.2.2 Biosynthesis of Azaphilones -- 6.7 Phenol-Containing Pigments -- 6.7.1 Styrylpyrones -- 6.7.1.1 Biosynthesis of Hispidin -- 6.8 Melanins -- 6.8.1 Properties of Melanins -- 6.8.2 Biosynthesis of Melanins -- 6.9 Siderophores -- 6.9.1 Properties of Siderophores -- 6.9.2 Biosynthesis of Siderophores -- 6.10 Conclusion and Future Prospectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Microbial Pigment Extraction and Purification Techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques -- 7.2.1 Conventional Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques -- 7.2.2 Process Intensification Using Advanced Techniques -- 7.2.2.1 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.3 Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.4 Pressurized-Liquid Extraction (PLE) -- 7.2.2.5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) -- 7.2.2.6 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) -- 7.2.3 Extraction Using Non-Conventional Solvents -- 7.3 Purification of Microbial Pigments -- 7.4 Polishing Operations -- 7.5 Conclusions. 327 $aDeclaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Extraction and Purification of Microbial Pigments: Eco-Friendly Techniques and Applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments -- 8.2.1 Pigments of Algal -- 8.2.2 Pigments of Bacteria -- 8.2.3 Pigments of Cyanobacteria -- 8.2.4 Pigments of Fungal -- 8.2.5 Pigments of Lichens -- 8.2.6 Pigments from Yeasts -- 8.3 Extraction Techniques -- 8.3.1 Ultrasound Extraction Process -- 8.3.2 Microwave Extraction Process -- 8.3.3 Enzyme Extraction Process -- 8.3.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 8.3.5 Pressurized Fluid Extraction Process -- 8.3.6 Ionic Liquids-Assisted Extraction -- 8.4 Purification Techniques -- 8.5 Applications -- 8.5.1 Usage in Food and Beverage Industry -- 8.5.2 Usage in Textile Industry -- 8.5.3 Usage in Cosmetic Industry -- 8.5.4 Usage in Medical -- 8.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Chlorophylls: The Verdant World of Photosynthetic Pigments -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photosynthesis Types -- 9.3 Photosynthetic Micro-Organisms -- 9.4 Structural Diversity of Chlorophyll -- 9.4.1 Chlorophylls -- 9.4.2 Chlorophylls in Cyanobacteria -- 9.4.3 Photosynthetic Systems of Cyanobacteria -- 9.4.4 Chlorophylls in Microbial Algae -- 9.4.5 Chlorophylls a and b in Green Algae -- 9.4.6 Chlorophyll c in Brown Algae -- 9.4.7 Chlorophyll d in Red Algae -- 9.4.8 Chlorophylls Specific to Other Groups of Algae -- 9.5 Bacteriochlorophylls (BChl) -- 9.5.1 Bacteriochlorophylls a, b, c, d, e, f, g -- 9.6 Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway -- 9.7 Enzymes Implicated in Chlorophyll Pathways -- 9.8 The Function of Chlorophylls in Microbes -- 9.9 Biotechnological Applications of Microbial Chlorophylls -- 9.10 Prospects for Research and Applications -- 9.11 Conclusion -- References. 327 $aChapter 10 Phycobiliproteins: Algal and Cyanobacterial Pigments Radiating Vivid Colors. 700 $aRather$b Luqman Jameel$01812145 701 $aShahid$b Mohammad$01784661 701 $aJameel$b Salman$01812146 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910993876603321 996 $aMicrobial Colorants$94364444 997 $aUNINA