LEADER 01227nam a2200265 i 4500 001 991001642339707536 008 030528s it 000 0 ita d 020 $a8814090394 035 $ab12176448-39ule_inst 040 $aDip.to Studi Giuridici$bita 082 $a346.450178 100 1 $aFinocchiaro, Alfio$028898 245 10$aAdozione e affidamento dei minori :$bcommento alla nuova disciplina (L. 28 marzo 2001, n. 149 e D.L. 24 aprile 2001, n. 150) /$cAlfio Finocchiaro, Mario Finocchiaro 260 $aMilano :$bA. Giuffrè,$cc2001 300 $axi, 176 p. ;$c23 cm 440 0$aQuaderni di Diritto e giustizia 650 0$aAdozione$xLegislazione$zItalia 700 1 $aFinocchiaro, Mario$eauthor$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$028899 907 $a.b12176448$b02-04-14$c28-05-03 912 $a991001642339707536 945 $aLE027 346.45 FIN01.01$g0$i2027000040827$iLE027-11410$lle027$o-$pE14.46$q-$rl$s- $t0$u7$v2$w7$x0$y.i12525364$z28-05-03 945 $aLE027 346.45 FIN01.01$cC. 2$g1$i2027000218936$lle027$og$pE10.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u3$v0$w3$x0$y.i14935235$z25-02-09 996 $aAdozione e affidamento dei minori$9968176 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale027$b21-05-03$cm$da $e-$fita$git $h0$i1 LEADER 04678nam 2201141 450 001 9910808628803321 005 20200528204049.0 024 7 $a10.1515/9781782389514 035 $a(CKB)2670000000616473 035 $a(EBL)1920622 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001498789 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11837671 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001498789 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11511255 035 $a(PQKB)10360087 035 $a(OCoLC)908932440 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1920622 035 $a(DE-B1597)635925 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781782389514 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000616473 100 $a20150525h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFault lines $eearthquakes and urbanism in modern Italy /$fGiacomo Parrinello 210 1$aNew York, [New York] ;$aOxford, [England] :$cBerghahn,$d2015. 210 4$d©2015 215 $a1 online resource (274 p.) 225 0 $aEnvironment in History: International Perspectives ;$vVolume 6 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-78238-950-4 311 $a1-78238-951-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Illustrations; Acknowledgments; Introduction: Can Earthquakes Speak?; Part I - The 1908 Messina Earthquake; Chapter 1 - The 1908 Messina Earthquake; Chapter 2 - Urban Reform 1880-1908; Chapter 3 - The Modern City 1909-1943; Part II - The 1968 Belice Valley Earthquake; Chapter 4 - The 1968 Belice Valley Earthquake; Chapter 5 - Rural Modernity 1933-1967; Chapter 6 - Urbanized Countryside 1968-1993; Conclusion - Fault Lines; Bibliography; Index 330 $aEarth's fractured geology is visible in its fault lines. It is along these lines that earthquakes occur, sometimes with disastrous effects. These disturbances can significantly influence urban development, as seen in the aftermath of two earthquakes in Messina, Italy, in 1908 and in the Belice Valley, Sicily, in 1968. Following the history of these places before and after their destruction, this book explores plans and developments that preceded the disasters and the urbanism that emerged from the ruins. These stories explore fault lines between "rural" and "urban," "backwardness" and "development," and "before" and "after," shedding light on the role of environmental forces in the history of human habitats. 410 0$aEnvironment in History: International Perspectives 410 0$aEnvironment in history.$vv.6 606 $aEarthquake resistant design$zItaly$zMessina 606 $aEarthquake resistant design$zItaly$zBelice River Valley 606 $aEarthquake engineering$zItaly$zMessina 606 $aEarthquake engineering$zItaly$zBelice River Valley 606 $aEarthquakes$zItaly$zMessina$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aEarthquakes$zItaly$zBelice River Valley$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aCity planning$zItaly$zMessina 606 $aCity planning$zItaly 607 $aMessina (Italy)$xBuildings, structures, etc 610 $abelice valley. 610 $acatastrophe. 610 $adestruction. 610 $aearthquakes. 610 $aengaging. 610 $aenvironmental forces. 610 $aenvironmental history. 610 $afault lines. 610 $ageology. 610 $agovernment and governing. 610 $ahistoriographical references. 610 $ahuman habitats. 610 $ainnovative study. 610 $aitalian history. 610 $aitaly. 610 $amessina. 610 $anatural disasters. 610 $aphenomenon. 610 $apolitics. 610 $ascience. 610 $ascientists. 610 $aseismic events. 610 $aseismology. 610 $asicily. 610 $asocial sciences. 610 $astudy of disasters. 610 $atectonic plates. 610 $atheoretical. 610 $atragedy. 610 $aurban planning. 610 $aurbanism. 615 0$aEarthquake resistant design 615 0$aEarthquake resistant design 615 0$aEarthquake engineering 615 0$aEarthquake engineering 615 0$aEarthquakes$xHistory 615 0$aEarthquakes$xHistory 615 0$aCity planning 615 0$aCity planning 676 $a693.8 676 $a693.85209458111 700 $aParrinello$b Giacomo$0748392 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bAzTeS 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910808628803321 996 $aFault lines$91496778 997 $aUNINA LEADER 11188nam 2200757Ia 450 001 9910961631103321 005 20251017110108.0 010 $a9786610214457 010 $a9781280214455 010 $a1280214457 010 $a9780309543095 010 $a0309543096 010 $a9780585144573 010 $a0585144575 035 $a(CKB)110986584750886 035 $a(OCoLC)666935505 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10062860 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000130179 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11132557 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000130179 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10080639 035 $a(PQKB)10964032 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376969 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376969 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10062860 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL21445 035 $a(OCoLC)940510411 035 $a(Perlego)4735881 035 $a(DNLM)678248 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750886 100 $a19890818d1989 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aControlling costs and changing patient care? $ethe role of utilization management /$fCommittee on Utilization Management by Third Parties, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine ; Bradford H. Gray and Marilyn J. Field, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1989 215 $a1 online resource (viii, 312 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a9780309040457 311 0 $a0309040450 311 0 $a9780309040488 311 0 $a0309040485 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aControlling Costs and Changing Patient Care? -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- CURRENT STATUS OF UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT -- HOW UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT IS EVOLVING -- ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE NEAR TERM -- Responsibilities of Employers and Purchasers -- Responsibilities of Utilization Management Organizations -- Responsibilities of Practitioners and Institutions -- Responsibilities of Patients -- LONGER-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS AND QUESTIONS -- Research On Effectiveness -- Practice Guidelines and Review Criteria -- Oversight of Utilization Management -- 1 Utilization Management: Introduction and Definitions -- WHAT IS UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT? -- Prior Review -- High-Cost Case Management -- Retrospective Utilization Review -- Other Cost-Containment Methods -- TWO NOTES OF CAUTION -- Obstacles To Evaluation -- Intrinsic Conceptual and Methodological Problems -- Common Behavioral Biases Against Evaluation -- Competition and Evaluation -- Forces Behind Rising Health Care Costs -- REFERENCES -- 2 Origins of Utilization Management -- THE GROWTH OF THIRD-PARTY FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE -- EARLY COST-MANAGEMENT EFFORTS BY THIRD PARTIES -- Management of the Risk Pool -- Design of the Benefit Plan -- Controls On Payments To Providers -- Constraints On Supply -- Utilization Review -- GOVERNMENT AND EMPLOYER INVOLVEMENT -- Federal Government Initiatives -- Private Purchasers Become an Force -- OTHER FACTORS GIVING RISE TO UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT -- Inappropriate Utilization as an Cost-Containment Target -- Variations in Utilization -- Inappropriate Utilization -- Linking Cost and Quality -- Improving the Tools and Structures for Utilization Management -- Information Resources -- Assessment and Education Strategies -- New Organizations -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. 327 $a3 The Utilization Management Industry: Structure and Process -- INDUSTRY OVERVIEW -- THE REALITIES OF PRIOR REVIEW: HOW IS IT ACTUALLY DONE? -- How Prior Review Is Integrated with Other Administrative Functions -- How Basic Logistical Matters Are Handled -- Initiating Review -- Handling Telephone Calls -- Computerization -- How Nurse Reviewers Work -- What Role Do Physician Advisers Play? -- What Style Is Used with Attending Physicians? -- What Criteria Are Used to Assess Care? -- Lists of Procedures -- Exceptions Criteria -- Hospitalization Criteria -- Length-Of-Stay Norms -- Necessity of a Procedure -- How Criteria Are Adopted and Modified -- How Organizations Use Criteria -- Appeals Processes -- Reporting and Feedback Mechanisms -- SECOND-OPINION REQUIREMENTS -- LEGAL ISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Impact of Prior Review Programs -- DIRECTION OF AVAILABLE EVIDENCE: IMPACT ON UTILIZATION AND COST -- Before-and-After Studies -- Comparative Studies -- Multivariate Studies -- Impact of Second-Opinion Programs -- WEAKNESSES IN THE EVIDENCE ON EFFECTS OF PRIOR REVIEW -- EFFECTS OF PRIOR REVIEW ON SPECIFIC PARTIES -- Effects on Enrollees and Patients -- Quality of Care -- Navigating Health Care and Health Benefits -- Patient Costs, Comfort, and Convenience -- Effects on Health Care Practitioners and Institutions -- Physician-Patient Relationship -- Physician-Hospital Relations -- Provider-Purchaser Relations -- Effects of Prior Review on Purchasers -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS -- Claims Data -- Group Data -- Program Data -- Savings Calculations -- Other Interventions -- Medical Care Prices -- Noneconomic effects -- REFERENCES -- 5 High-Cost Case Management -- FOCUS OF HIGH-COST CASE MANAGEMENT -- ROLE OF THE PURCHASER -- HOW HIGH-COST CASE MANAGEMENT WORKS. 327 $aOperational Variations -- How Cases Are Identified and Screened -- Who Serves as Case Manager? -- How Case Managers Relate to Patients and Providers -- How Much Case Management Costs -- IMPACT OF HIGH-COST CASE MANAGEMENT -- EFFECTS OF HIGH-COST CASE MANAGEMENT ON SPECIFIC PARTIES -- Effects on Enrollees -- Effects on Health Care Providers -- Effects on Purchasers -- QUESTIONS ABOUT AVAILABLE EVIDENCE -- LEARNING CURVE IN HIGH-COST CASE MANAGEMENT -- POTENTIAL LEGAL ISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CURRENT STATUS OF UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT -- HOW UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT IS EVOLVING -- Scope of Review -- Operational Efficiency -- Rationing -- ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE NEAR TERM -- Responsibilities of Employers and Purchasers -- Responsibilities of Utilization Management Organizations -- Responsibilities of Health Care Practitioners and Institutions -- Responsibilities of Patients -- RECOMMENDATIONS AND QUESTIONS FOR THE LONGER TERM -- Research on Effectiveness -- Practice Guidelines and Review Criteria -- Oversight of Utilization Management -- CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgments -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Legal Implications of Utilization Review -- Introduction -- The Types of Utilization Review -- The Sarchett Decision -- The Wickline Decision -- The Elusive Concept of Medical Necessity -- Liability of the Review Organization -- Negligence -- Existence of an Duty of Care -- The Standard of Care -- Causation -- Breach of Contract -- Insurance Bad Faith -- Infliction of Emotional Distress -- Warranty Theories -- Products Liability -- Defamation and Interference with Contractual Advantage -- Antitrust -- Liability of Consultants and Employees -- State Regulation -- Erisa Preemption -- Liability of the Employer or Payer -- Direct Liability -- Vicarious Liability -- Indemnity. 327 $aLiability of the Treating Physician -- Legal Issues For the Patient -- The Need For Expedited Review -- Payment For Unnecessary Medical Services -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix B Utilization Management and Quality Assurance in Health Maintenance Organizations: an Operational Assessment -- Methodology -- Hmo Organizational Structure -- Market, Structural, and Operational Factors Affecting Hmo Performance -- The Health Care Marketplace -- Hmo Structure -- Hmo Operations -- Approaches to Utilization Management and Quality Assurance -- Underwriting Benefits -- Delivery of Health Services -- Quality Assurance -- Operational Problems Impairing Utilization Management and Quality Assurance Programs -- Utilization Management Programs -- Quality Assurance -- Design and Use of Physician Incentives -- Background -- Current Surveys Concerning Physician Incentives -- Administering Physician Incentives -- Policy and Research Issues -- Case Studies Introduction -- Case Study 1: Hospital-Sponsored Ipa -- Background -- Control Type -- Financial Incentives -- Design of Mis System -- Utilization Management -- Medical Director and Utilization Management Support Staff -- Case Study 2: Group-Model Hmo -- Background -- Control Type -- Financial Incentives -- Design of Mis System -- Utilization Management -- Medical Director and Utilization Management Support Staff -- Case Study 3: Carrier-Sponsored Hmo -- Background -- Control Type -- Financial Incentives -- Design of Mis System -- Utilization Management -- Medical Director and Utilization Management Support Staff -- Case Study 4: Carrier-Sponsored Hmo -- Background -- Control Type -- Financial Incentives -- Design of Mis System -- Utilization Management and Support Staff -- Medical Director and Utilization Management Support Staff -- Case Study 5: Physician-Sponsored Ipa -- Background -- Control Type. 327 $aFinancial Incentives -- Design of Mis System -- Utilization Management -- Ipa Management -- Notes and References -- Appendix C Utilization Management in Peer Review Organizations -- References -- Appendix D Summary of Public Hearings -- Appendix E Summaries of Committee Site Visits To Utilization Management Organizations -- Organization 1 -- Organization 2 -- Organization 3 -- Organization 4 -- Organization 5 -- Organization 6 -- Organization 7 -- Organization 8 -- Organization 9 -- Organization 10 -- Organization 11 -- Organization 12 -- Appendix F Analysis of Agreements Between Utilization Management Organizations and Their Clients -- Contractual Descriptions of Prior Review Services -- Sources of Clinical Criteria and Standards -- Distinction Between the Review Determination and Purchaser's Decision To Pay For Services -- Indemnification and Liability Insurance Coverage -- Staffing and Performance Criteria -- Proprietary Information and Competition -- Appendix G Glossary and Acronyms -- Glossary -- Acronyms -- Appendix H Biographies of Committee Members -- Index. 330 $aUtilization Management has become a strong trend in health care cost containment. Under UM, some decisions are not strictly made by the doctor and patient alone. This book presents findings about how UM is faring in practice and how it compares with other cost containment approaches, with recommendations for improving UM program administration. 606 $aCost control 606 $aHealth services administration$zUnited States 615 0$aCost control. 615 0$aHealth services administration 676 $a338.4/33621/0973 701 $aGray$b Bradford H.$f1942-$01808707 701 $aField$b Marilyn J$g(Marilyn Jane)$01804195 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961631103321 996 $aControlling costs and changing patient care$94359617 997 $aUNINA