LEADER 04848nam 2200709 a 450 001 9910462155103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-12666-3 010 $a9786613530523 010 $a90-04-21869-6 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004218697 035 $a(CKB)2670000000169583 035 $a(EBL)878166 035 $a(OCoLC)782879965 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000622018 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11451262 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000622018 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10637441 035 $a(PQKB)11761181 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC878166 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004218697 035 $a(PPN)174546173 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL878166 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10545995 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL353052 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000169583 100 $a20111103d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTensions within and between religions and human rights$b[electronic resource] /$f[edited] by Johannes A. van der Ven, Hans-Georg Ziebertz 210 $aLeiden ;$aBoston $cBrill$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (261 p.) 225 1 $aEmpirical research in religion and human rights,$x1877-881X ;$vv. 2 300 $aProceedings of the 1st and 2nd conferences of the Empirical Research Program Religion and Human Rights, held in 2008 and 2010 at the Radboud University Nijmegen. 311 $a90-04-21867-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tPreliminary Material /$rJohannes A. van der Ven and Hans Georg Ziebertz --$tIntroduction /$rJohannes A. van der Ven and Hans Georg Ziebertz --$tUniversality of Human Rights and the Need for Parsimony /$rJean-Pierre Wils --$tFreedom of Religion and Criminal Law: A Legal Appraisal. From the Principle of Separation of Church and State to the Principle of Pluralist Democracy? /$rPiet Hein van Kempen --$tOn the Foundations of Human rights. Religious and Secular Approaches in the West and in Islam /$rMathias Rohe --$tReligious Liberty in Political Perspective /$rJohannes A. van der Ven --$tThe Impact of Religion on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech among Young Swedes /$rAnders Sjöborg --$tHuman Rights among Muslims and Christians in Palestine and Germany /$rRaymond J. Webb , Hans-Georg Ziebertz , Jack Curran and Marion Reindl --$tWomen Rights and Religion among Christian and Islamic Students in Tanzania /$rLeo W.J.M. van der Tuin and Clement D. Fumbo --$tReligious Socialisation and Values as Predictors of Human Rights Attitudes. An Empirical Study among Christian and Muslim Adolescents in Germany /$rHans-Georg Ziebertz and Marion Reindl --$tList of Contributors /$rJohannes A. van der Ven and Hans Georg Ziebertz --$tIndex /$rJohannes A. van der Ven and Hans Georg Ziebertz. 330 $aThis volume contains theoretical and empirical articles on tensions within and between religion and human rights. There are conflicts in the past histories of Christianity and Islam in regard to human rights, but also in contemporary history. There are also tensions in the sphere of human rights, like the relation between natural law and human rights, morality and law, liberty and equality, civil rights and socio-economic rights, and more specific ones, like the rights of humans and citizens, religious freedom and the separation of church and state, religious freedom and freedom of speech, and the state and religion on social welfare provisions. The volume aims at theoretical clarification and empirical exploration on data from 14 countries. Contributors include: Jean-Pierre Wils, Piet Hein van Kempen, Mathias Rohe, Johannes (Hans) van der Ven, Anders Sjöborg, Raymond J. Webb, Jack Curran, Marion Reindl, Leo W.J.M. van der Tuin, Clement D. Fumbo, and Hans-Georg Ziebertz. 410 0$aEmpirical research in religion and human rights ;$vv. 2. 606 $aHuman rights$xReligious aspects$vCongresses 606 $aChristianity and other religions$xIslam$vCongresses 606 $aIslam$xRelations$xChristianity$vCongresses 606 $aFreedom of religion$vCongresses 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aHuman rights$xReligious aspects 615 0$aChristianity and other religions$xIslam 615 0$aIslam$xRelations$xChristianity 615 0$aFreedom of religion 676 $a201/.723 701 $aVen$b J. A. van der$f1940-$0869896 701 $aZiebertz$b Hans-Georg$f1956-$0869897 712 02$aEmpirical Research Program Religion and Human Rights.$bConference$d(2nd :$f2010 :$eRadboud University, Nijmegen) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910462155103321 996 $aTensions within and between religions and human rights$91942202 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06165oam 2200661 c 450 001 996571844503316 005 20220221094418.0 010 $a3-8394-5727-0 024 7 $a10.14361/9783839457276 035 $a(CKB)4100000011937689 035 $a(DE-B1597)579624 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783839457276 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6624508 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6624508 035 $a(OCoLC)1252420232 035 $a(transcript Verlag)9783839457276 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011937689 100 $a20220221d2021 uy 0 101 0 $ager 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLebenswelten jenseits der Parallelgesellschaft$ePostmigrantische Perspektiven auf Integrationskurse in Deutschland und Belgien$fSeverin Frenzel 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aBielefeld$ctranscript Verlag$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (420 p.) 225 0 $aPostmigrantische Studien$v11 311 $a3-8376-5727-2 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tInhalt -- $tDanksagung -- $tEinleitung -- $t1. Darstellung und Diskussion des Forschungsstandes -- $t1.1 Desintegrationsdiskurse und die Entstehung der Integrationspflicht -- $t1.2 Integrationspflicht und Integrationskurs -- $t2. Theoretische Grundlegung -- $t2.1 Der cultural lag und Integration als polykontextuelle Systeminklusion -- $t2.2 Toxische und resiliente gesellschaftliche Narrative -- $t2.3 Chancenreiche Biografien und reflexive Pädagogik -- $t2.4 Alltägliche Lebensführung -- $t3. Methodologie und Forschungsdesign -- $t3.1 Forschungsfragen, Themenkomplexe und Herangehensweise -- $t3.2 Transkriptionsregeln ? Transkriptionen als Konstrukte -- $t3.3 Forschungskorpus -- $t3.4 Auswertungsverfahren und Interpretation -- $t4. Empirische Untersuchung -- $t4.1 Vier Fallstudien ? Interviews im Ruhrgebiet -- $t4.1.1 Inci ? Es ist egal, welche Sprache, welches Land, welche Kultur, welcher Glaube -- $t4.1.2 Sirada ? Heute spricht mein Mann auch Thai -- $t4.1.3 Volodymyr ? Ich bin Sportmeister -- $t4.1.4 Florean ? Die Italiener sagen: tutto il mondo un paese -- $t4.2 Vier Fallstudien ? Interviews in Brüssel -- $t4.2.1 Aristide ? Ich mag es, jeden zu treffen von woanders -- $t4.2.2 Moufid ? Ich möchte hier bilingual sein -- $t4.2.3 Dilara ? Eine Stadt hat viele Orte, die nützlich sind, wenn du neu bist -- $t4.2.4 Pierre ? Und ich freue mich darauf, in diesem Land zu leben und zu bleiben -- $t5. Fazit ? Acht Fallstudien, Integrationskurs und Inburgeringstraject im Vergleich -- $t5.1 Erwachsenenbildung, Integrationspflicht und Lebensweltbezug -- $t5.2 Habitustransformation oder reframing? -- $t5.3 Integrationskurs und Alltägliche Lebensführung -- $t5.4 Sprachlernprozesse und Sprachumgebung -- $t5.5 Felder der Mehrdeutigkeit -- $t5.6 Inburgering, Integration und Verweise auf gesellschaftliche Deutungsmuster -- $t5.7 Kritische Anmerkungen zur empirischen Untersuchung -- $t5.8 Gespräch mit Piet Rabau ? Alltag, Urbanität und die Entstehung selbstorganisierter Strukturen -- $t6. Ausblick ? Bildung für die postmigrantische Gesellschaft -- $t6.1 Das transtopische Sprachlabor der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft -- $t6.2 Postmigrantische Mobilität ? Topologische Entfernungen, transnationales Kapital und eine neue Definition von Zentrum und Peripherie -- $t6.3 Die Gesellschaft braucht eine postmigrantische Bildung -- $tAbbildungsverzeichnis -- $tLiteraturverzeichnis -- $tInternetquellen (alphabetisch) 330 $aDas Ruhrgebiet und die Region Bru?ssel-Hauptstadt sind durch Migration entstandene kosmopolitische Ballungszentren, in denen Integrationsprozesse besondere Bedeutung haben. Severin Frenzel hat acht Integrationskursteilnehmende aus diesen Regionen zu ihrem herausfordernden Alltag zwischen Integrationspflicht und Zukunftsoffenheit befragt. Zusa?tzlich zur Reflexion ihrer Lernprozesse und des Kursgeschehens berichten sie von ihren Zielen und Tra?umen und davon, was sie selbst unter Integration verstehen. Dabei widersprechen sie klassischen Deutungsmustern von Kulturkonflikt und Parallelgesellschaft, sodass die Analyse ihrer Erza?hlungen lesenswerte neue Sichtweisen auf Integration und Integrationskurse sowie auf Sprache, Bildung und Urbanita?t bietet. 410 0$aPostmigrantische Studien 606 $aIntegrationskurs; Migration; Postmigrantische Gesellschaft; Integration; Diversita?t; Ruhrgebiet; Bru?ssel; Sprache; Bildung; Urbanita?t; Kulturkonflikt; Gesellschaft; Bildungssoziologie; Kultursoziologie; Qualitative Sozialforschung; Soziologie; Integration Course; Post-migrant Society; Diversity; Ruhr Area; Brussels; Language; Education; Urbanity; Culture Conflict; Society; Sociology of Education; Sociology of Culture; Qualitative Social Research; Sociology; 610 $aBrussels. 610 $aCulture Conflict. 610 $aDiversity. 610 $aEducation. 610 $aIntegration. 610 $aLanguage. 610 $aMigration. 610 $aPost-migrant Society. 610 $aQualitative Social Research. 610 $aRuhr Area. 610 $aSociety. 610 $aSociology of Culture. 610 $aSociology of Education. 610 $aSociology. 610 $aUrbanity. 615 4$aIntegrationskurs; Migration; Postmigrantische Gesellschaft; Integration; Diversita?t; Ruhrgebiet; Bru?ssel; Sprache; Bildung; Urbanita?t; Kulturkonflikt; Gesellschaft; Bildungssoziologie; Kultursoziologie; Qualitative Sozialforschung; Soziologie; Integration Course; Post-migrant Society; Diversity; Ruhr Area; Brussels; Language; Education; Urbanity; Culture Conflict; Society; Sociology of Education; Sociology of Culture; Qualitative Social Research; Sociology; 686 $aMS 3550$qSEPA$2rvk 700 $aFrenzel$b Severin$pUniversita?t Innsbruck, O?sterreich$4aut$01461706 712 02$aUniversität Innsbruck$4fnd$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/fnd 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996571844503316 996 $aLebenswelten jenseits der Parallelgesellschaft$93670356 997 $aUNISA LEADER 12681nam 2200565 c 450 001 9911007097003321 005 20250313125433.0 010 $z1-5231-4496-3 010 $a9781569907207 035 $a(CKB)4100000011922547 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6579056 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6579056 035 $a(OCoLC)1250090259 035 $a(NjHacI)994100000011922547 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011922547 100 $a20210901d20212021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRubber Reinforcement with Particulate Fillers /$fMeng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris 210 1$aMunich$cHanser$aChemical Industry Press Co., Ltd.$cChina$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (610 pages) 311 08$aPrint edition 9781569907191 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Contents -- 1 Manufacture of Fillers -- 1.1 Manufacture of Carbon Black -- 1.1.1 Mechanisms of Carbon Black Formation -- 1.1.2 Manufacturing Process of Carbon Black -- 1.1.2.1 Oil-Furnace Process -- 1.1.2.2 The Thermal Black Process -- 1.1.2.3 Acetylene Black Process -- 1.1.2.4 Lampblack Process -- 1.1.2.5 Impingement (Channel, Roller) Black Process -- 1.1.2.6 Recycle Blacks -- 1.1.2.7 Surface Modification of Carbon Blacks -- 1.1.2.7.1 Attachments of the Aromatic Ring Nucleus to Carbon Black -- 1.1.2.7.2 Attachments to the Aromatic Ring Structure through Oxidized Groups -- 1.1.2.7.3 Metal Oxide Treatment -- 1.2 Manufacture of Silica -- 1.2.1 Mechanisms of Precipitated Silica Formation -- 1.2.2 Manufacturing Process of Precipitated Silica -- 1.2.3 Mechanisms of Fumed Silica Formation -- 1.2.4 Manufacture Process of Fumed Silica -- References -- 2 Characterization of Fillers -- 2.1 Chemical Composition -- 2.1.1 Carbon Black -- 2.1.2 Silica -- 2.2 Micro-Structure of Fillers -- 2.2.1 Carbon Black -- 2.2.2 Silica -- 2.3 Filler Morphologies -- 2.3.1 Primary Particles - Surface Area -- 2.3.1.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) -- 2.3.1.2 Gas Phase Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.2.1 Total Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption - BET/NSA -- 2.3.1.2.2 External Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption ? STSA -- 2.3.1.2.3 Micro-Pore Size Distribution Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption -- 2.3.1.3 Liquid Phase Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.3.1 Iodine Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.3.2 Adsorption of Large Molecules -- 2.3.2 Structure - Aggregate Size and Shape -- 2.3.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 2.3.2.2 Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer -- 2.3.2.3 Void Volume Measurement -- 2.3.2.3.1 Oil Absorption -- 2.3.2.3.2 Compressed Volume -- 2.3.2.3.2.1 Relation between Compressibility and Pressure 327 $a2.3.2.3.2.2 Mechanism of Compression -- 2.3.2.3.3 Mercury Porosimetry -- 2.3.3 Tinting Strength -- 2.4 Filler Surface Characteristics -- 2.4.1 Characterization of Surface Chemistry of Filler-Surface Groups -- 2.4.2 Characterization of Physical Chemistry of Filler Surface-Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.1 Contact Angle -- 2.4.2.1.1 Single Liquid Phase -- 2.4.2.1.2 Dual Liquid Phases -- 2.4.2.2 Heat of Immersion -- 2.4.2.3 Inverse Gas Chromatograph -- 2.4.2.3.1 Principle of Measuring Filler Surface Energy with IGC -- 2.4.2.3.2 Adsorption at Infinite Dilution -- 2.4.2.3.3 Adsorption at Finite Concentration -- 2.4.2.3.4 Surface Energy of the Fillers -- 2.4.2.3.4.1 Dispersive Component of Filler Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.3.4.2 Specific Component of Filler Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.3.4.3 Sf Value -- 2.4.2.3.4.4 Energy Heterogeneity of Filler Surfaces -- 2.4.2.3.4.5 Surface Energy of Silane-Modified Silicas -- 2.4.2.3.5 Estimation of Rubber-Filler Interaction from Adsorption Energy of Elastomer Analogs -- 2.4.2.4 Bound Rubber Measurement -- References -- 3 Effect of Fillers in Rubber -- 3.1 Hydrodynamic Effect?Strain Amplification -- 3.2 Interfacial Interaction between Filler and Polymer -- 3.2.1 Bound Rubber -- 3.2.2 Rubber Shell -- 3.3 Occlusion of Rubber -- 3.4 Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.1 Observations of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.2 Modes of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.3 Thermodynamics of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.4 Kinetics of Filler Agglomeration -- References -- 4 Filler Dispersion -- 4.1 Basic Concept of Filler Dispersion -- 4.2 Parameters Influencing Filler Dispersion -- 4.3 Liquid Phase Mixing -- References -- 5 Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Uncured Compounds -- 5.1 Bound Rubber -- 5.1.1 Significance of Bound Rubber -- 5.1.2 Measurement of Bound Rubber -- 5.1.3 Nature of Bound Rubber Attachment -- 5.1.4 Polymer Mobility in Bound Rubber 327 $a5.1.5 Polymer Effects on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.5.1 Molecular Weight Effects -- 5.1.5.2 Polymer Chemistry Effects -- 5.1.6 Effect of Filler on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.6.1 Surface Area and Structure -- 5.1.6.2 Specific Surface Activity of Carbon Blacks -- 5.1.6.3 Effect of Surface Characteristics on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.6.4 Carbon Black Surface Modification -- 5.1.6.5 Silica Surface Modification -- 5.1.7 Effect of Mixing Conditions on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.7.1 Temperature and Time of Mixing -- 5.1.7.2 Mixing Sequence Effect of Rubber Ingredients -- 5.1.7.2.1 Mixing Sequence of Oil and Other Additives -- 5.1.7.2.2 Mixing Sequence of Sulfur, Sulfur Donor, and Other Crosslinkers -- 5.1.7.2.3 Bound Rubber of Silica Compounds -- 5.1.7.3 Bound Rubber in Wet Masterbatches -- 5.1.7.4 Bound Rubber of Fumed Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber -- 5.2 Viscosity of Filled Compounds -- 5.2.1 Factors Influencing Viscosity of the Carbon Black-Filled Compounds -- 5.2.2 Master Curve of Viscosity vs. Effective Volume of Carbon Blacks -- 5.2.3 Viscosity of Silica Compounds -- 5.2.4 Viscosity Growth - Storage Hardening -- 5.3 Die Swell and Surface Appearance of the Extrudate -- 5.3.1 Die Swell of Carbon Black Compounds -- 5.3.2 Die Swell of Silica Compounds -- 5.3.3 Extrudate Appearance -- 5.4 Green Strength -- 5.4.1 Effect of Polymers -- 5.4.2 Effect of Filler Properties -- References -- 6 Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Vulcanizates -- 6.1 Swelling -- 6.2 Stress-Strain Behavior -- 6.2.1 Low Strain -- 6.2.2 Hardness -- 6.2.3 Medium and High Strains-The Strain Dependence of Modulus -- 6.3 Strain-Energy Loss-Stress-Softening Effect -- 6.3.1 Mechanisms of Stress-Softening Effect -- 6.3.1.1 Gum -- 6.3.1.2 Filled Vulcanizates -- 6.3.1.3 Recovery of Stress Softening -- 6.3.2 Effect of Fillers on Stress Softening -- 6.3.2.1 Carbon Blacks -- 6.3.2.1.1 Effect of Loading 327 $a6.3.2.1.2 Effect of Surface Area -- 6.3.2.1.3 Effect of Structure -- 6.3.2.2 Precipitated Silica -- 6.4 Fracture Properties -- 6.4.1 Crack Initiation -- 6.4.2 Tearing -- 6.4.2.1 State of Tearing -- 6.4.2.1.1 Effect of Filler -- 6.4.2.1.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure -- 6.4.2.1.2.1 Non-Crystallizable Rubber-SBR -- 6.4.2.1.2.2 Crystallizable Rubber-NR -- 6.4.2.2 Tearing Energy -- 6.4.2.2.1 Effect of Filler -- 6.4.2.2.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure -- 6.4.2.2.2.1 Non-Crystallizable Rubber-SBR -- 6.4.2.2.2.2 Crystallizable Rubber-NR -- 6.4.3 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break -- 6.4.4 Fatigue -- References -- 7 Effect of Fillers onthe Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates -- 7.1 Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates -- 7.2 Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.2.1 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Elastic Modulus of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.2 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Viscous Modulus of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.3 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Loss Tangent of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.4 Hysteresis Mechanisms of Filled Rubber Concerning Different Modes of Filler Agglomeration -- 7.2.5 Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.3 Dynamic Stress Softening Effect -- 7.3.1 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 2 -- 7.3.2 Effect of Temperature on Dynamic Stress-Softening -- 7.3.3 Effect of Frequency on Dynamic Stress-Softening -- 7.3.4 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 3 -- 7.3.5 Effect of Filler Characteristics on Dynamic Stress-Softening and Hysteresis -- 7.3.6 Dynamic Stress-Softening of Silica Compounds Produced by Liquid Phase Mixing -- 7.4 Time-Temperature Superposition of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.5 Heat Build-up -- 7.6 Resilience -- References -- 8 Rubber Reinforcement Related to Tire Performance 327 $a8.1 Rolling Resistance -- 8.1.1 Mechanisms of Rolling Resistance?Relationship between Rolling Resistance and Hysteresis -- 8.1.2 Effect of Filler on Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.1 Effect of Filler Loading -- 8.1.2.2 Effect of Filler Morphology -- 8.1.2.2.1 Effect of Surface Area -- 8.1.2.2.2 Effect of Structure -- 8.1.2.3 Effect of Filler Surface Characteristics -- 8.1.2.3.1 Effect of Carbon Black Graphitization on Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.3.2 Comparison of Carbon Black and Silica -- 8.1.2.3.3 Effect of Filler Blends (Blend of Silica and Carbon Black, without Coupling Agent) -- 8.1.2.3.4 Effect of Surface Modification of Silica -- 8.1.2.3.5 Effect of Surface Modification of Carbon Black on Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.3.6 Carbon/Silica Dual Phase Filler -- 8.1.2.3.7 Polymeric Filler -- 8.1.3 Mixing Effect -- 8.1.4 Precrosslinking Effect -- 8.2 Skid Resistance?Friction -- 8.2.1 Mechanisms of Skid Resistance -- 8.2.1.1 Friction and Friction Coefficients - Static Friction and Dynamic Friction -- 8.2.1.2 Friction between Two Rigid Solid Surfaces -- 8.2.2 Friction of Rubber on Rigid Surface -- 8.2.2.1 Dry Friction -- 8.2.2.1.1 Adhesion Friction -- 8.2.2.1.2 Hysteresis Friction -- 8.2.2.2 Wet Friction -- 8.2.2.2.1 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication -- 8.2.2.2.2 The Thickness of Lubricant Film for Rubber Sliding over Rigid Asperity -- 8.2.2.2.3 Boundary Lubrication -- 8.2.2.2.4 Difference in Boundary Lubrication between Rigid-Rigid and Rigid-Elastomer Surfaces -- 8.2.2.3 Review of Frictional Properties of Some Tire Tread Materials -- 8.2.2.3.1 Carbon and Graphite -- 8.2.2.3.2 Glass -- 8.2.2.3.3 Rubber -- 8.2.2.3.4 Prediction of Friction of Filled Rubbers on Dry and Wet Road Surfaces Based on Surface Characteristics of Different Materials -- 8.2.2.4 Morphology of the Worn Surface of Filled Vulcanizates 327 $a8.2.2.4.1 Comparison of Polymer-Filler Interaction between Carbon Black and Silica 330 $a"In the rubber industry, one of the most widely practiced processes is the reinforcement of rubber by particulate fillers, especially carbon black and silica. This process is of such importance that more than 99% of rubber products contain fillers, and the research and development of fillers have become the most widely researched area in rubber science and technology. This book covers the most important theoretical and practical aspects of rubber reinforcement, such as filler basic properties and their characterization methods, the effect of fillers in polymers, the processability of compounds, and the properties of filled vulcanizates. Special chapters deal with applications of fillers in tires and industrial rubber goods and the reinforcement of silicone rubbers. Testing methods and their principles, applications, and limitations are reviewed, with emphasis on the surface activity, widely accepted as the "third dimension" of filler characterization, after particle size and structure. This has not been described in depth in other books on rubber reinforcement. The effects of fillers on rubber and their mechanisms, which are important links between filler properties and the performance of rubber goods, are explained. A guide for selecting the most appropriate reinforcing systems for specific applications is provided, taking into account processabilities and properties of filled compounds and performance of rubber products. With solutions to many practical problems related to rubber research and compounding, this book serves as a valuable companion to engineers and product developers in the rubber industry, material scientists, and teachers and students in material science and rubber courses"-- Provided by publisher 606 $aRubber goods 606 $aRubber$xReinforcement 606 $aFilters (Materials) 615 0$aRubber goods. 615 0$aRubber$xReinforcement. 615 0$aFilters (Materials) 676 $a678.3 700 $aWang$b Meng-Jiao$4aut$01822477 702 $aMorris$b Michael$cPh. 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