LEADER 01367nas 2200529-a 450 001 996473369203316 005 20230605182605.0 011 $a2162-8807 035 $a(DE-599)ZDB2128882-3 035 $a(OCoLC)57175382 035 $a(CKB)954925513484 035 $a(CONSER)--2011201704 035 $a(EXLCZ)99954925513484 100 $a20041206a19309999 s-- a 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLeprosy review 210 $aEssex, England $cLEPRA 210 3 $a[London, UK] $c[Academic Press] 215 $a1 online review 300 $aRefereed/Peer-reviewed 311 $a0305-7518 531 $aLEPR REV 531 $aLEPROSY REV 531 $aLEPR. REV 531 0 $aLepr. rev. 606 $aLeprosy$vPeriodicals 606 $aLeprosy 606 $aLeprosy$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00996325 606 $aLepra$2gtt 608 $aPeriodical. 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 608 $aPeriodicals.$2lcgft 608 $aPeriodicals.$2rbgenr 615 0$aLeprosy 615 2$aLeprosy. 615 7$aLeprosy. 615 17$aLepra. 676 $a616.998 712 02$aBritish Leprosy Relief Association, 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a996473369203316 996 $aLeprosy review$92178291 997 $aUNISA LEADER 04540oam 2200553I 450 001 9910972889303321 005 20190826145055.0 010 $a9789004324510 010 $a9004324518 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004324510 035 $a(CKB)3710000001065112 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5844378 035 $a 2017004978 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004324510 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5312481 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5312481 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL993175 035 $a(OCoLC)971248835 035 $a(nllekb) 2017004978 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001065112 100 $a20170201d2017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 12$aA handbook of the world's conifers /$fby Aljos Farjon 205 $a2nd, rev. ed. 210 1$aBoston :$cBrill,$d2017. 215 $a1 online resource (1,153 pages) $cillustrations 311 08$a9789004324497 311 08$a9004324496 311 08$a9789004324428 311 08$a9004324429 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreliminary Material -- The conifers of the world, an introduction -- The distribution and ecology of conifers -- The economic importance of conifers -- The conservation of conifer diversity -- Synopsis of families and genera -- Taxonomic treatment of families, with keys to families and genera -- Taxonomic treatment of genera and species -- Appendix -- Glossary -- References -- Lists of illustrations -- Index to botanical names of conifers. 327 $aPreliminary Material -- The conifers of the world, an introduction -- The distribution and ecology of conifers -- The economic importance of conifers -- The conservation of conifer diversity -- Synopsis of families and genera -- Taxonomic treatment of families, with keys to families and genera -- Taxonomic treatment of genera and species -- Appendix -- Glossary -- References -- Lists of illustrations -- Index to botanical names of conifers. 330 $aA 2017 Choice Magazine "Outstanding Academic Title" Conifers are known to everyone as a conspicuous kind of evergreen trees or shrubs that feature prominently in gardens and parks as well as in many managed forests in the cool to cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Numerous books have been written about them and continue to appear, mostly with a bias towards these uses in Europe and North America. This second edition, revised and updated, of A Handbook of the World's Conifers is departing from this traditional approach in that it includes all the world's 615 species of conifers, of which some 200 occur in the tropics. It gives as much information about these and the Southern Hemisphere conifers as about the better known species, drawing on research into the taxonomy, biology, ecology, distribution and uses by the author over nearly 35 years. The result is a truly encyclopedic work, a true handbook of all the world's conifers, richly illustrated by the author with his line drawings and photographs taken from the natural habitats of the species. 330 $aA 2017 Choice Magazine \'Outstanding Academic Title\' Conifers are known to everyone as a conspicuous kind of evergreen trees or shrubs that feature prominently in gardens and parks as well as in many managed forests in the cool to cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Numerous books have been written about them and continue to appear, mostly with a bias towards these uses in Europe and North America. This second edition, revised and updated, of A Handbook of the World's Conifers is departing from this traditional approach in that it includes all the world's 615 species of conifers, of which some 200 occur in the tropics. It gives as much information about these and the Southern Hemisphere conifers as about the better known species, drawing on research into the taxonomy, biology, ecology, distribution and uses by the author over nearly 35 years. The result is a truly encyclopedic work, a true handbook of all the world's conifers, richly illustrated by the author with his line drawings and photographs taken from the natural habitats of the species. 606 $aConifers$vHandbooks, manuals, etc 615 0$aConifers 676 $a585 700 $aFarjon$b Aljos$0305896 801 0$bNL-LeKB 801 1$bNL-LeKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910972889303321 996 $aA handbook of the world's conifers$94321114 997 $aUNINA LEADER 10982nam 22005293 450 001 9910151651303321 005 20230803025541.0 010 $a1-4479-3045-2 035 $a(CKB)2670000000339653 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5137851 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5137851 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL463080 035 $a(OCoLC)1024251017 035 $a(Exl-AI)5137851 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000339653 100 $a20210901d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aElementary Surveying $eInternational Edition 205 $a13th ed. 210 1$a :$cPearson Education UK,$d2013. 210 4$dİ2011. 215 $a1 online resource (983 pages) 311 08$a0-273-75144-1 327 $aCover -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- What's New in This Edition? -- Acknowledgments -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Definition of Surveying -- 1.2 Geomatics -- 1.3 History of Surveying -- 1.4 Geodetic and Plane Surveys -- 1.5 Importance of Surveying -- 1.6 Specialized Types of Surveys -- 1.7 Surveying Safety -- 1.8 Land and Geographic Information Systems -- 1.9 Federal Surveying and Mapping Agencies -- 1.10 The Surveying Profession -- 1.11 Professional Surveying Organizations -- 1.12 Surveying on the Internet -- 1.13 Future Challenges in Surveying -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 2 UNITS, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES, AND FIELD NOTES -- PART I: UNITS AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Units of Measurement -- 2.3 International System of Units (SI) -- 2.4 Significant Figures -- 2.5 Rounding Off Numbers -- PART II: FIELD NOTES -- 2.6 Field Notes -- 2.7 General Requirements of Handwritten Field Notes -- 2.8 Types of Field Books -- 2.9 Kinds of Notes -- 2.10 Arrangements of Notes -- 2.11 Suggestions for Recording Notes -- 2.12 Introduction to Data Collectors -- 2.13 Transfer of Files from Data Collectors -- 2.14 Digital Data File Management -- 2.15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Data Collectors -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 3 THEORY OF ERRORS IN OBSERVATIONS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Direct and Indirect Observations -- 3.3 Errors in Measurements -- 3.4 Mistakes -- 3.5 Sources of Errors in Making Observations -- 3.6 Types of Errors -- 3.7 Precision and Accuracy -- 3.8 Eliminating Mistakes and Systematic Errors -- 3.9 Probability -- 3.10 Most Probable Value -- 3.11 Residuals -- 3.12 Occurrence of Random Errors -- 3.13 General Laws of Probability -- 3.14 Measures of Precision -- 3.15 Interpretation of Standard Deviation -- 3.16 The 50, 90, and 95 Percent Errors -- 3.17 Error Propagation -- 3.18 Applications. 327 $a3.19 Conditional Adjustment of Observations -- 3.20 Weights of Observations -- 3.21 Least-Squares Adjustment -- 3.22 Using Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 4 LEVELING-THEORY, METHODS, AND EQUIPMENT -- PART I: LEVELING-THEORY AND METHODS -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Definitions -- 4.3 North American Vertical Datum -- 4.4 Curvature and Refraction -- 4.5 Methods for Determining Differences in Elevation -- PART II: EQUIPMENT FOR DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING -- 4.6 Categories of Levels -- 4.7 Telescopes -- 4.8 Level Vials -- 4.9 Tilting Levels -- 4.10 Automatic Levels -- 4.11 Digital Levels -- 4.12 Tripods -- 4.13 Hand Level -- 4.14 Level Rods -- 4.15 Testing and Adjusting Levels -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 5 LEVELING-FIELD PROCEDURES AND COMPUTATIONS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Carrying and Setting Up a Level -- 5.3 Duties of a Rodperson -- 5.4 Differential Leveling -- 5.5 Precision -- 5.6 Adjustments of Simple Level Circuits -- 5.7 Reciprocal Leveling -- 5.8 Three-Wire Leveling -- 5.9 Profile Leveling -- 5.10 Grid, Cross-Section, or Borrow-Pit Leveling -- 5.11 Use of the Hand Level -- 5.12 Sources of Error in Leveling -- 5.13 Mistakes -- 5.14 Reducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes -- 5.15 Using Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 6 DISTANCE MEASUREMENT -- PART I: METHODS FOR MEASURING DISTANCES -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Summary of Methods for Making Linear Measurements -- 6.3 Pacing -- 6.4 Odometer Readings -- 6.5 Optical Rangefinders -- 6.6 Tacheometry -- 6.7 Subtense Bar -- PART II: DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS BY TAPING -- 6.8 Introduction to Taping -- 6.9 Taping Equipment and Accessories -- 6.10 Care of Taping Equipment -- 6.11 Taping on Level Ground -- 6.12 Horizontal Measurements on Sloping Ground -- 6.13 Slope Measurements -- 6.14 Sources of Error in Taping -- 6.15 Tape Problems -- 6.16 Combined Corrections in a Taping Problem. 327 $aPART III: ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT -- 6.17 Introduction -- 6.18 Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy -- 6.19 Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement -- 6.20 Electro-Optical Instruments -- 6.21 Total Station Instruments -- 6.22 EDM Instruments Without Reflectors -- 6.23 Computing Horizontal Lengths from Slope Distances -- 6.24 Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement -- 6.25 Using Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 7 ANGLES, AZIMUTHS, AND BEARINGS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Units of Angle Measurement -- 7.3 Kinds of Horizontal Angles -- 7.4 Direction of a Line -- 7.5 Azimuths -- 7.6 Bearings -- 7.7 Comparison of Azimuths and Bearings -- 7.8 Computing Azimuths -- 7.9 Computing Bearings -- 7.10 The Compass and the Earth's Magnetic Field -- 7.11 Magnetic Declination -- 7.12 Variations in Magnetic Declination -- 7.13 Software for Determining Magnetic Declination -- 7.14 Local Attraction -- 7.15 Typical Magnetic Declination Problems -- 7.16 Mistakes -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 8 TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS -- ANGLE OBSERVATIONS -- PART I: TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Characteristics of Total Station Instruments -- 8.3 Functions Performed by Total Station Instruments -- 8.4 Parts of a Total Station Instrument -- 8.5 Handling and Setting Up a Total Station Instrument -- 8.6 Servo-Driven and Remotely Operated Total Station Instruments -- PART II: ANGLE OBSERVATIONS -- 8.7 Relationship of Angles and Distances -- 8.8 Observing Horizontal Angles with Total Station Instruments -- 8.9 Observing Horizontal Angles by the Direction Method -- 8.10 Closing the Horizon -- 8.11 Observing Deflection Angles -- 8.12 Observing Azimuths -- 8.13 Observing Vertical Angles -- 8.14 Sights and Marks -- 8.15 Prolonging a Straight Line -- 8.16 Balancing-In -- 8.17 Random Traverse. 327 $a8.18 Total Stations for Determining Elevation Differences -- 8.19 Adjustment of Total Station Instruments and Their Accessories -- 8.20 Sources of Error in Total Station Work -- 8.21 Propagation of Random Errors in Angle Observations -- 8.22 Mistakes -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 9 TRAVERSING -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Observation of Traverse Angles or Directions -- 9.3 Observation of Traverse Lengths -- 9.4 Selection of Traverse Stations -- 9.5 Referencing Traverse Stations -- 9.6 Traverse Field Notes -- 9.7 Angle Misclosure -- 9.8 Traversing with Total Station Instruments -- 9.9 Radial Traversing -- 9.10 Sources of Error in Traversing -- 9.11 Mistakes in Traversing -- Problems -- 10 TRAVERSE COMPUTATIONS -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Balancing Angles -- 10.3 Computation of Preliminary Azimuths or Bearings -- 10.4 Departures and Latitudes -- 10.5 Departure and Latitude Closure Conditions -- 10.6 Traverse Linear Misclosure and Relative Precision -- 10.7 Traverse Adjustment -- 10.8 Rectangular Coordinates -- 10.9 Alternative Methods for Making Traverse Computations -- 10.10 Inversing -- 10.11 Computing Final Adjusted Traverse Lengths and Directions -- 10.12 Coordinate Computations in Boundary Surveys -- 10.13 Use of Open Traverses -- 10.14 State Plane Coordinate Systems -- 10.15 Traverse Computations Using Computers -- 10.16 Locating Blunders in Traverse Observations -- 10.17 Mistakes in Traverse Computations -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 11 COORDINATE GEOMETRY IN SURVEYING CALCULATIONS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Coordinate Forms of Equations for Lines and Circles -- 11.3 Perpendicular Distance from a Point to a Line -- 11.4 Intersection of Two Lines, Both Having Known Directions -- 11.5 Intersection of a Line with a Circle -- 11.6 Intersection of Two Circles -- 11.7 Three-Point Resection -- 11.8 Two-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation. 327 $a11.9 Inaccessible Point Problem -- 11.10 Three-Dimensional Two-Point Resection -- 11.11 Software -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 12 AREA -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods of Measuring Area -- 12.3 Area by Division into Simple Figures -- 12.4 Area by Offsets from Straight Lines -- 12.5 Area by Coordinates -- 12.6 Area by Double-Meridian Distance Method -- 12.7 Area of Parcels with Circular Boundaries -- 12.8 Partitioning of Lands -- 12.9 Area by Measurements from Maps -- 12.10 Software -- 12.11 Sources of Error in Determining Areas -- 12.12 Mistakes in Determining Areas -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 13 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS-INTRODUCTION AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Overview of GPS -- 13.3 The GPS Signal -- 13.4 Reference Coordinate Systems -- 13.5 Fundamentals of Satellite Positioning -- 13.6 Errors in Observations -- 13.7 Differential Positioning -- 13.8 Kinematic Methods -- 13.9 Relative Positioning -- 13.10 Other Satellite Navigation Systems -- 13.11 The Future -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 14 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS-STATIC SURVEYS -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Field Procedures in Satellite Surveys -- 14.3 Planning Satellite Surveys -- 14.4 Performing Static Surveys -- 14.5 Data Processing and Analysis -- 14.6 Sources of Errors in Satellite Surveys -- 14.7 Mistakes in Satellite Surveys -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 15 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS-KINEMATIC SURVEYS -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Planning of Kinematic Surveys -- 15.3 Initialization -- 15.4 Equipment Used in Kinematic Surveys -- 15.5 Methods Used in Kinematic Surveys -- 15.6 Performing Post Processed Kinematic Surveys -- 15.7 Communication in Real-Time Kinematic Surveys -- 15.8 Real-Time Networks -- 15.9 Performing Real-Time Kinematic Surveys -- 15.10 Machine Control -- 15.11 Errors in Kinematic Surveys. 327 $a15.12 Mistakes in Kinematic Surveys. 330 $aFor Surveying courses offered in Civil Engineering departments.This highly readable, best-selling text presents basic concepts and practical material in each of the areas fundamental to modern surveying (geomatics) practice. Its depth and breadth are ideal for self-study. The 13th Edition is updated throughout to reflect the latest advances and technology. 606 $aSurveying$7Generated by AI 606 $aGeomatics$7Generated by AI 615 0$aSurveying 615 0$aGeomatics 700 $aGhilani$b Charles D$0885900 701 $aWolf$b Paul R$0523047 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910151651303321 996 $aElementary Surveying$93409705 997 $aUNINA