LEADER 03887nam 2200685Ia 450 001 9910465469903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-283-59713-6 010 $a9786613909589 010 $a90-04-21453-4 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004214538 035 $a(CKB)2560000000093331 035 $a(EBL)1021452 035 $a(OCoLC)811505168 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000715954 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11413791 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000715954 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10705425 035 $a(PQKB)11431937 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1021452 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004214538 035 $a(PPN)174403054 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1021452 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10599068 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL390958 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000093331 100 $a20120604d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aInternational investment law$b[electronic resource] $ethe sources of rights and obligations /$fedited by Tarcisio Gazzini, Eric De Brabandere 210 $aLeiden ;$aBoston $cM. Nijhoff Publishers$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (363 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a90-04-21430-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tPreliminary Material -- $tIntroduction /$rPierre d? Argent -- $tInternational Customary Investment Law: Story of a Paradox /$rJean d? Aspremont -- $tPreferential Trade and Investment Treaties /$rErik Denters -- $tThe Energy Charter Treaty /$rMatthew Happold and Thomas Roe -- $tBilateral Investment Treaties /$rTarcisio Gazzini -- $tGeneral Principles of Law and International Investment Law /$rStephan W. Schill -- $tNational Legislation and Unilateral Acts of States /$rMakane Moïse Mbengue -- $tInternational Investment Contracts /$rPatrick Dumberry -- $tArbitral Decisions As a Source of International Investment Law /$rEric De Brabandere -- $tNon-Binding Documents and Literature /$rTony Cole -- $tConclusion: The Sources of International Investment Law: Concluding Thoughts /$rChristian J. Tams -- $tIndex /$rPierre d? Argent. 330 $aTransnational investment involves a variety of actors (States, public and private legal entities, and natural persons) whose relationships are governed by rules and legal instruments belonging to different legal systems. This book provides a systematic study of the sources of rights and obligations in the field of transnational investment, and their coordination and interaction. It focuses primarily on the network of over 3,000 Bilateral Investment Treaties, international investment contracts, customary international law, the main multilateral treaties, national legislation, international case law and general principles of law. The book, firmly based on State practice, arbitral awards and national decisions, is indispensable to fully appraise the nature and content of the claims of private investors as well as to identify the law applicable in investment arbitration. 410 0$aNijhoff International Investment Law Series$v1. 606 $aInvestments, Foreign (International law) 606 $aInternational commercial arbitration 606 $aCommercial treaties 606 $aInvestments, Foreign$xLaw and legislation 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aInvestments, Foreign (International law) 615 0$aInternational commercial arbitration. 615 0$aCommercial treaties. 615 0$aInvestments, Foreign$xLaw and legislation. 676 $a346/.092 701 $aGazzini$b Tarcisio$0518675 701 $aBrabandere$b Eric de$0522717 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465469903321 996 $aInternational investment law$92289867 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03838nam 2200649 450 001 996466811603316 005 20220211111058.0 010 $a1-280-61498-6 010 $a9786610614981 010 $a3-540-33484-X 024 7 $a10.1007/b11550259 035 $a(CKB)1000000000232749 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000103028 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11131325 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000103028 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10060854 035 $a(PQKB)10948710 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-540-33484-2 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3036437 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6867964 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6867964 035 $z(PPN)258845627 035 $a(PPN)123130263 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000232749 100 $a20220211d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aAnalytical and numerical approaches to mathematical relativity /$fJo?rg Frauendiener, Domenico J. W . Giulini, Volker Perlick (editors) 205 $a1st ed. 2006. 210 1$aBerlin ;$aHeidelberg :$cSpringer,$d[2006] 210 4$d©2006 215 $a1 online resource (XVII, 281 p.) 225 1 $aLecture notes in physics ;$vVolume 692 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a3-540-31027-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aDifferential Geometry and Differential Topology -- A Personal Perspective on Global Lorentzian Geometry -- The Space of Null Geodesics (and a New Causal Boundary) -- Some Variational Problems in Semi-Riemannian Geometry -- On the Geometry of pp-Wave Type Spacetimes -- Analytical Methods and Differential Equations -- Concepts of Hyperbolicity and Relativistic Continuum Mechanics -- Elliptic Systems -- Mathematical Properties of Cosmological Models with Accelerated Expansion -- The Poincaré Structure and the Centre-of-Mass of Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes -- Numerical Methods -- Computer Simulation ? a Tool for Mathematical Relativity ? and Vice Versa -- On Boundary Conditions for the Einstein Equations -- Recent Analytical and Numerical Techniques Applied to the Einstein Equations -- Some Mathematical Problems in Numerical Relativity. 330 $aToday, general relativity rates among the most accurately tested fundamental theories in all of physics. However, deficiencies in our mathematical and conceptual understanding still exist, and these partly hamper further progress. For this reason alone, but no less important from the point of view that a theory-based prediction should be regarded as no better than one's own structural understanding of the underlying theory, one should undertake serious investigations into the corresponding mathematical issues. This book contains a representative collection of surveys by experts in mathematical relativity writing about the current status of, and problems in, their fields. There are four contributions for each of the following mathematical areas: differential geometry and differential topology, analytical methods and differential equations, and numerical methods. This book addresses graduate students and specialist researchers alike. 410 0$aLecture notes in physics ;$vVolume 692. 606 $aMathematical physics 606 $aRelativity (Physics)$xMathematics 615 0$aMathematical physics. 615 0$aRelativity (Physics)$xMathematics. 676 $a530.110151 702 $aGiulini$b D$g(Domenico),$f1959- 702 $aPerlick$b Volker$f1956- 702 $aFrauendiener$b J$g(Jo?rg),$f1958- 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996466811603316 996 $aAnalytical and numerical approaches to mathematical relativity$9744522 997 $aUNISA LEADER 04576nam 22005655 450 001 9910864198403321 005 20250807132512.0 010 $a9783031400599$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783031400582 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-40059-9 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31354965 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31354965 035 $a(CKB)32157537700041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-40059-9 035 $a(OCoLC)1435877685 035 $a(EXLCZ)9932157537700041 100 $a20240527d2024 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aStochastic Optimization Methods $eApplications in Engineering and Operations Research /$fby Kurt Marti 205 $a4th ed. 2024. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2024. 215 $a1 online resource (389 pages) 225 0 $aBusiness and Management Series 311 08$aPrint version: Marti, Kurt Stochastic Optimization Methods Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 9783031400582 327 $aStochastic Optimization Methods -- Solution of Stochastic Linear Programs by Discretization Methods -- Optimal Control under Stochastic Uncertainty -- Random Search Procedures for Global Optimization -- Controlled Random Search under Uncertainty -- Controlled Random Search Procedures for Global Optimization -- Random Search Methods with Multiple Search Points -- Approximation of Feedback Control Systems -- Stochastic Optimal Open-Loop Feedback Control -- Adaptive Optimal Stochastic Trajectory Planning and Control (AOSTPC) -- Machine Learning under stochastic uncertainty -- Stochastic Structural Optimization with quadratic loss functions -- Maximum Entropy Techniques. 330 $aThis book examines optimization problems that in practice involve random model parameters. It outlines the computation of robust optimal solutions, i.e., optimal solutions that are insensitive to random parameter variations, where appropriate deterministic substitute problems are needed. Based on the probability distribution of the random data and using decision theoretical concepts, optimization problems under stochastic uncertainty are converted into corresponding deterministic problems. Due to the probabilities and expectations involved, the book also shows how to apply approximative solution techniques. Several deterministic and stochastic approximation methods are provided: Taylor expansion methods, regression and response surface methods (RSM), probability inequalities, multiple linearization of survival/failure domains, discretization methods, convex approximation/deterministic descent directions/efficient points, stochastic approximation and gradient procedures, and differentiation formulas for probabilities and expectations. The fourth edition of this classic text has been carefully and thoroughly revised. It includes new chapters on the solution of stochastic linear programs by discretization of the underlying probability distribution, and on solving deterministic optimization problems by means of controlled random search methods and multiple random search procedures. It also presents a new application of stochastic optimization methods to machine learning problems with different loss functions. For the computation of optimal feedback controls under stochastic uncertainty, besides the open-loop feedback procedures, a new method based on Taylor expansions with respect to the gain parameters is presented. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students who are interested in stochastics, stochastic optimization, and control. It will also benefit professionals and practitioners whose work involves technical, economic and/or operations research problems under stochastic uncertainty. 606 $aOperations research 606 $aMathematical optimization 606 $aComputational intelligence 606 $aOperations Research and Decision Theory 606 $aOptimization 606 $aComputational Intelligence 615 0$aOperations research. 615 0$aMathematical optimization. 615 0$aComputational intelligence. 615 14$aOperations Research and Decision Theory. 615 24$aOptimization. 615 24$aComputational Intelligence. 676 $a519.62 700 $aMarti$b Kurt$0223988 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910864198403321 996 $aStochastic Optimization Methods$92520033 997 $aUNINA