LEADER 01048nam0-2200337---450- 001 990008147110403321 005 20110622151818.0 010 $a1-870059-01-8 035 $a000814711 035 $aFED01000814711 035 $a(Aleph)000814711FED01 035 $a000814711 100 $a20050711d1988----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aeng 102 $aGB 105 $aa-------011yy 200 1 $aFlorence and Italy$erenaissance studies in honour of Nicolai Rubinstein$fedited by Peter Denley and Caroline Elam 210 $aCommittee for Medieval Studies$cWestfield College, University of London$d1988 215 $aXVIII, 526 p.$cill.$d24 cm 610 0 $aItalia$aCiviltā$aSec. XIV-XV 676 $a945.05 702 1$aDenley,$bPeter 702 1$aElam,$bCaroline 702 1$aRubinstein,$bNicolai$f<1911-2002> 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$c20050711$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990008147110403321 952 $a945.05 DEN 1$bBibl.50677$fFLFBC 959 $aFLFBC 996 $aFlorence and Italy$9756918 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05089nam 2200493 450 001 996466550103316 005 20231110212639.0 010 $a3-030-76275-0 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6941321 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6941321 035 $a(CKB)21435621700041 035 $a(PPN)261518836 035 $a(EXLCZ)9921435621700041 100 $a20221110d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 13$aAn optimization primer /$fJohannes O. Royset and Roger J.-B. Wets 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$dŠ2022 215 $a1 online resource (692 pages) 225 1 $aSpringer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering 311 08$aPrint version: Royset, Johannes O. An Optimization Primer Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783030762742 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- How to Read the Book -- Supporting Material -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 PRELUDE -- 1.A The Mathematical Curtain Rise -- 1.B Data Smoothing -- 1.C Optimization under Uncertainty -- 1.D Convex Analysis -- 1.E Estimation and Classification -- 1.F Gradient Descent Method -- 1.G Newton's Method -- 1.H Acceleration and Regularization -- 1.I Quasi-Newton Methods -- 1.J Coordinate Descent Algorithms -- 2 CONVEX OPTIMIZATION -- 2.A Formulations -- 2.B Subderivatives and Subgradients -- 2.C Subgradient Calculus -- 2.D Proximal Gradient Methods -- 2.E Linear Constraints -- 2.F Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Condition -- 2.G Interior-Point Method -- 2.H Support Vector Machines -- 2.I Subgradient Method -- 2.J Conic Constraints -- 2.K Polyhedral Analysis -- 3 OPTIMIZATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY -- 3.A Product Mix Optimization -- 3.B Expectation Functions -- 3.C Risk Modeling -- 3.D Models of Uncertainty -- 3.E Risk-Adaptive Design -- 3.F Optimality in Stochastic Optimization -- 3.G Stochastic Gradient Descent -- 3.H Simple Recourse Problems -- 3.I Control of Water Pollution -- 3.J Linear Recourse Problems -- 3.K Network Capacity Expansion -- 4 MINIMIZATION PROBLEMS -- 4.A Formulations -- 4.B Network Design and Operation -- 4.C Epigraphical Approximation Algorithm -- 4.D Constraint Softening -- 4.E Set Analysis -- 4.F Robotic Path Planning -- 4.G Tangent and Normal Cones I -- 4.H Tangent and Normal Cones II -- 4.I Subdifferentiability -- 4.J Optimality Conditions -- 4.K SQP and Interior-Point Methods -- 5 PERTURBATION AND DUALITY -- 5.A Rockafellians -- 5.B Quantitative Stability -- 5.C Lagrangians and Dual Problems -- 5.D Lagrangian Relaxation -- 5.E Saddle Points -- 5.F Strong Duality -- 5.G Reformulations -- 5.H L-Shaped Method -- 5.I Monitoring Functions -- 5.J Lagrangian Finite-Generation Method -- 6 WITHOUT CONVEXITY OR SMOOTHNESS. 327 $a6.A Second-Order Analysis -- 6.B Augmented Lagrangians -- 6.C Epigraphical Nesting -- 6.D Optimality Conditions -- 6.E Sup-Projections -- 6.F Proximal Composite Method -- 6.G Design of Multi-Component Systems -- 6.H Difference-of-Convex Functions -- 6.I DC in Regression and Classification -- 6.J Approximation Errors -- 7 GENERALIZED EQUATIONS -- 7.A Formulations -- 7.B Equilibrium in Energy Markets -- 7.C Traffic Equilibrium -- 7.D Reformulation as Minimization Problems -- 7.E Projection Methods -- 7.F Nonsmooth Newton-Raphson Algorithm -- 7.G Continuity of Set-Valued Mappings -- 7.H Graphical Approximation Algorithm -- 7.I Consistent Approximations -- 7.J Approximation Errors -- 8 RISK MODELING AND SAMPLE AVERAGES -- 8.A Estimation of Optimality Gaps -- 8.B Risk and Regret -- 8.C Risk-Adaptive Data Analytics -- 8.D Duality -- 8.E Subgradients of Functionals -- 8.F Residual Risk and Surrogates -- 8.G Sample Average Approximations -- 8.H Concentration Inequalities -- 8.I Diametrical Stochastic Optimization -- 9 GAMES AND MINSUP PROBLEMS -- 9.A Nash Games -- 9.B Formulation as Minsup Problems -- 9.C Bifunctions and Solutions -- 9.D Lopsided Approximation Algorithm -- 9.E Lop-Convergence I -- 9.F Lop-Convergence II -- 9.G Approximation of Games -- 9.H Walras Barter Model -- 10 DECOMPOSITION -- 10.A Proximal Alternating Gradient Method -- 10.B Linkage Constraints -- 10.C Progressive Decoupling Algorithm -- 10.D Local Elicitation -- 10.E Decoupling in Stochastic Optimization -- 10.F Strong Monotonicity -- 10.G Variational Convexity and Elicitation -- 10.H Nonlinear Linkage -- References -- Index. 410 0$aSpringer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering 606 $aOptimitzaciķ matemātica$2thub 606 $aMathematical optimization 608 $aLlibres electrōnics$2thub 615 7$aOptimitzaciķ matemātica 615 0$aMathematical optimization. 676 $a519.6 700 $aRoyset$b Johannes O.$01218704 702 $aWets$b Roger J.-B. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 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The tyranny of writing; 2. The past in the present and the seeds of the public sphere; 3. Written and unwritten language; 4. Literacy and inequality; 5. The society of letters; 6. Writing reform; 7. Writing and literacy in the digitalized world. 330 $aHow does writing relate to speech? What impact does it have on social organisation and development? How do unwritten languages differ from those that have a written form and tradition? This book is a general account of the place of writing in society. Drawing on contemporary and historical examples, from clay tablets to touchscreen displays, the book explores the functions of writing and written language, analysing its consequences for language, society, economy and politics. It examines the social causes of illiteracy, demonstrating that institutions of central importance to modern society are built upon writing and written texts, and are characterised by specific forms of communication. It explores the social dimensions of spelling and writing reform, as well as of digital literacy, a new mode of expression and communication posing novel challenges to the student of language in society. 410 0$aKey topics in sociolinguistics. 517 3 $aWriting & society 606 $aWriting$xSocial aspects 606 $aWritten communication$xSocial aspects 606 $aLiteracy$xSocial aspects 615 0$aWriting$xSocial aspects. 615 0$aWritten communication$xSocial aspects. 615 0$aLiteracy$xSocial aspects. 676 $a302.2/244 686 $aLAN009000$2bisacsh 700 $aCoulmas$b Florian$0131523 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910816076403321 996 $aWriting and society$94118903 997 $aUNINA