LEADER 01395nam 2200397 n 450 001 996394165303316 005 20221108011119.0 035 $a(CKB)4940000000121336 035 $a(EEBO)2264206853 035 $a(UnM)99847890 035 $a(EXLCZ)994940000000121336 100 $a19911217d1581 uy | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||a|bb| 200 10$a[Almanac]$b[electronic resource] 210 $aImprinted at London $cBy Richard VVatkins, & Iames Roberts$d[1581] 215 $a[2+] leaves 300 $aTitle derived from STC. Publication date from STC. 300 $aThis was calculated for Winchester--STC. 300 $aThis fragment, identified as Harleian 5937/121, is attributed to Humfrey Norton. It is filmed on a sheet that includes other almanac title page fragments, among which is one by Nostradamus (STC 493). 300 $aIdentified as STC 491 on reels 236 and 241. 300 $aImperfect; a fragment. 300 $aReproductions of the original in the British Library. 300 $aAppears at reels 236 and 241. 330 $aeebo-0018 606 $aAlmanacs, English$vEarly works to 1800 615 0$aAlmanacs, English 702 $aNorton$b Humfrey 801 0$bCu-RivES 801 1$bCu-RivES 801 2$bCStRLIN 801 2$bWaOLN 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996394165303316 996 $aAlmanac$92084914 997 $aUNISA LEADER 03899nam 2200589 450 001 9910798108303321 005 20230608183608.0 010 $a90-04-28512-1 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004285125 035 $a(CKB)3710000000656790 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001668288 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16456544 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001668288 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14946821 035 $a(PQKB)10162036 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16381028 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14946848 035 $a(PQKB)22171713 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4790417 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004285125 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000656790 100 $a20160325d2016 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 04$aThe enigma of the origin of Portolan charts $ea geodetic analysis of the hypothesis of a medieval origin /$feditor, Roel Nicolai 210 1$aLeiden ;$aBoston :$cBrill,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (570 pages) $cillustrations (some color), maps, charts 225 0 $aHistory of science and medicine library ;$vv. 52 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a90-04-28297-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreliminary Material -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key Characteristics of Portolan Charts -- 3 Existing Hypotheses on the Origin and Construction Method of Portolan Charts -- 4 Cartometric Analysis; Methodology and Existing Research -- 5 Cartometric Analysis of Five Charts -- 6 The Relationship between Portolans and Portolan Charts -- 7 Constraints on Shipping and Navigation in the Medieval Mediterranean -- 8 The Map Projection, Artificial or Intentional? -- 9 Navigational Practices in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries -- 10 An Arabic-Islamic Origin of Portolan Charts? -- 11 Conclusions -- 12 Synthesis -- Appendix A: The Historical Setting of the Emergence of Portolan Charts -- Appendix B: Calculation of the Length of a Rhumb Line -- Appendix C: The Plane Charting Examples from Chapter 2 -- Appendix D: Accuracy Model for Medieval Navigation -- Appendix E: Cartometric Analysis Details -- Appendix F: Reliability of the cals7k.2 Archaeomagnetic Model -- Appendix G: Is the Map Projection Accidental? A Statistical Analysis -- Appendix H: The Preface of the Liber de existencia riveriarum -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $aThe sudden appearance of portolan charts, realistic nautical charts of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, at the end of the thirteenth century is one of the most significant occurrences in the history of cartography. Using geodetic and statistical analysis techniques these charts are shown to be mosaics of partial charts that are considerably more accurate than has been assumed. Their accuracy exceeds medieval mapping capabilities. These sub-charts show a remarkably good agreement with the Mercator map projection. It is demonstrated that this map projection can only have been an intentional feature of the charts? construction. Through geodetic analysis the author eliminates the possibility that the charts are original products of a medieval Mediterranean nautical culture, which until now they have been widely believed to be. 410 0$aHistory of Science and Medicine Library$v52. 606 $aNautical charts$xHistory 606 $aNavigation$xHistory 606 $aCartography$xHistory 615 0$aNautical charts$xHistory. 615 0$aNavigation$xHistory. 615 0$aCartography$xHistory. 676 $a623.89/22 700 $aNicolai$b Roel$01572949 701 $aNicolai$b Roel$01572949 801 0$bNL-LeKB 801 1$bNL-LeKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910798108303321 996 $aThe enigma of the origin of Portolan charts$93848376 997 $aUNINA