LEADER 00964nas 22003133a 450 001 996336451503316 005 20240413014428.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000549003 035 $a(CONSER)sn 92068904 035 $a(MiAaPQ)54562 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000549003 100 $a19920909b188u19uu ky 101 0 $aeng 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe four corners 210 $aWheatland, Calif. $cFour Corners Pub. Co 215 $a1 online resource 311 08$aPrint version: Four corners (Wheatland, Calif.) (DLC)sn 92068904 (OCoLC)26565630 607 $aYuba County (Calif.)$vNewspapers 607 $aNevada County (Calif.)$vNewspapers 607 $aPlacer County (Calif.)$vNewspapers 607 $aSutter County (Calif.)$vNewspapers 906 $aTRANSCRIPT 912 $a996336451503316 920 $aexl_impl conversion 996 $aThe four corners$92324137 997 $aUNISA LEADER 06839nam 2200565 a 450 001 9910961682103321 005 20251017110159.0 010 $a1-280-19154-6 010 $a9786610191543 010 $a0-309-56166-3 010 $a0-585-04828-2 035 $a(CKB)110986584752008 035 $a(OCoLC)60365398 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10068382 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377149 035 $a(DNLM)959727 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752008 100 $a19970709g19979999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aToxicity of military smokes and obscurants /$fSubcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1997- 215 $a1 online resource (177 p.) 225 1 $aCompass series 311 08$a0-309-05736-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aToxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL -- Diesel-Fuel Smoke -- Fog-Oil Smoke -- Red Phosphorus Smoke -- Hexachloroethane Smoke -- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS AT BOUNDARIES OF MILITARY-TRAINING FACILITIES -- 1 Introduction -- SMOKES REVIEWED IN THIS REPORT -- U.S. ARMY POLICY CONCERNING USE OF OBSCURANTS -- SUBCOMMITTEE TASK -- DEFINITIONS OF EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- APPROACH TO DEVELOPING EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs) -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGLs) and Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Levels (PPEGLs) -- SUMMARY OF APPROACH -- REFERENCES -- 2 Diesel-Fuel Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal and Ocular Exposures -- Lethality -- Eye and Skin Irritation -- Carcinogenic Effects -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated 15- or 60-Minute Exposures -- Repeated 4-Hour Exposures -- Repeated Exposures: Relative Significance of Frequency, Duration, and Concentration -- Screening Tests for Mutagenicity -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- LIMITS EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)1 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Level (PEGL)2 -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)3 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4 -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Fog-Oil Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties. 327 $aMilitary Exposures -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Dermal Exposures -- Noncancerous Skin Lesions -- Cancer of the Skin and Scrotum -- Multiple Routes of Exposure -- Pulmonary Effects -- Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal Exposures -- Lethality -- Skin Irritation -- Cancer -- Oral Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity -- Screening Tests for Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Type of Fog Oil -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)4 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)5 -- Public Exposures to New-Fog-Oil Smoke -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)6 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)7 -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Red Phosphorus Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Occurrence and Use -- Combustion Products -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY: ELEMENTAL RED PHOSPHORUS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY: RED PHOSPHORUS-BUTYL RUBBER -- Effects in Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)1 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)2 -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)3 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4. 327 $aSummary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Hexachloroethane Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Combustion Products -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Zinc Chloride -- Occurrence and Use -- Military Exposures -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Oral Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Dermal and Ocular Exposures -- Oral Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Example Noncancer Risk Assessment -- Carcinogenicity -- Example Cancer Risk Assessment -- Estimated Exposure -- Estimated Cancer Risk -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)2 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)3 -- Comparison with Other Exposure Guidance Levels -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)4 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)5 -- Comparison of Recommendations with Conservative Screening Cancer-Risk Estimates -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEED -- REFERENCES. 410 0$aCompass series (Washington, D.C.) 606 $aCombustion gases$xToxicology 606 $aSmoke screens$xToxicology 606 $aDiesel fuels$xToxicology 606 $aHexachloroethane$xToxicology 615 0$aCombustion gases$xToxicology. 615 0$aSmoke screens$xToxicology. 615 0$aDiesel fuels$xToxicology. 615 0$aHexachloroethane$xToxicology. 676 $a615.9/1 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961682103321 996 $aToxicity of military smokes and obscurants$94446337 997 $aUNINA