LEADER 00680nam0-22002531i-450- 001 990002701090403321 005 20140924143229.0 035 $a000270109 035 $aFED01000270109 035 $a(Aleph)000270109FED01 035 $a000270109 100 $a20030910d1965----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aeng 200 1 $aBusiness enterprise.$fby Edwards R.S. e To usend H. 210 $aNamour$cMacMillan$d1965 700 1$aEdwards,$bRonald S.$0146179 702 1$aTownsend,$bHarry 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990002701090403321 952 $a4-3-20$bs.i.$fECA 959 $aECA 996 $aBusiness enterprise$9419535 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01357nas 22004453a 450 001 996336304803316 005 20221206112718.0 011 $a1931-8707 035 $a(OCoLC)68664231 035 $a(CKB)1000000000311605 035 $a(CONSER)--2006214627 035 $a(MiAaPQ)40297 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000311605 100 $a20060511a20069999 s-- a 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDemocracy 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cDemocracy $cA Journal of Ideas, Inc.$dİ2006- 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed July 28, 2006). 300 $aRefereed/Peer-reviewed 311 $a1931-8693 531 $aDEMOCRACY 606 $aDemocracy$vPeriodicals 606 $aDemocracy$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00890077 606 $aPolitics and government$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01919741 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y2001-2009$vPeriodicals 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y2009-2017$vPeriodicals 607 $aUnited States$2fast 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 615 0$aDemocracy 615 7$aDemocracy. 615 7$aPolitics and government. 676 $a324.6 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a996336304803316 996 $aDemocracy$957557 997 $aUNISA LEADER 07999nam 2200445z- 450 001 9910220055703321 005 20210211 035 $a(CKB)3800000000216221 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52930 035 $a(oapen)doab52930 035 $a(EXLCZ)993800000000216221 100 $a20202102d2017 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aMechanical Signaling in Plants: From Perception to Consequences for Growth and Morphogenesis (Thigmomorphogenesis) and Ecological Significance 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2017 215 $a1 online resource (93 p.) 225 1 $aFrontiers Research Topics 311 08$a9782889450749 311 08$a2889450740 330 $aDuring the 1970s, renewed interest in plant mechanical signaling led to the discovery that plants subjected to mechanical stimulation develop shorter and thicker axes than undisturbed plants, a syndrome called thigmomorphogenesis. Currently, mechanosensing is being intensively studied because of its involvement in many physiological processes in plants and particularly in the control of plant morphogenesis. From an ecological point of view, the shaping of plant architecture has to be precisely organized in space to ensure light capture as well as mechanical stability. In natural environments terrestrial plants are subjected to mechanical stimulation mainly due to wind, but also due to precipitation, while aquatic and marine plants are subjected to current and wave energy. Plants acclimate to mechanically challenging environments by sensing mechanical stimulations and modifying their growth in length and diameter and their tissue properties to reduce potential for buckling or breakage. From a morphogenetic point of view, both external and internal mechanical cues play an important role in the control of cell division and meristem development likely by modulating microtubule orientation. How mechanical stimulations are being sensed by plants is an area of intense research. Different types of mechanosensors have been discovered or proposed, including ion channels gated by membrane tension (stretch activation) and plasma membrane receptor-like kinases that monitor the cell wall deformations. Electrophysiologists have measured the conductances of some stretch-activated channels and have showed that SAC of different structures can exhibit different conductances. The role of these differences in conductance has not yet been established. Once a mechanical stimulus has been perceived, it must be converted into a biological signal that can lead to variations of plant phenotype. Calcium has been shown to function as an early second messenger, tightly linked with changes in cytosolic and apoplastic pH. Transcriptional analyses of the effect of mechanical stimulation have revealed a considerable number of differentially expressed genes, some of which appear to be specific to mechanical signal transduction. These genes can thus serve as markers of mechanosensing, for example, in studies attempting to define signalling threshold, or variations of mechanosensitivity (accommodation). Quantitative biomechanical studies have lead to a model of mechanoperception which links mechanical state and plant responses, and provides an integrative tool to study the regulation of mechanosensing. This model includes parameters (sensitivity and threshold) that can be estimated experimentally. It has also been shown that plants are desensitized when exposed to multiple mechanical signals as a function of their mechanical history. Finally, mechanosensing is also involved in osmoregulation or cell expansion. The links between these different processes involving mechanical signalling need further investigation. This frontier research topic provides an overview of the different aspects of mechanical signaling in plants, spanning perception, effects on plant growth and morphogenesis, and broad ecological significance.During the 1970s, renewed interest in plant mechanical signaling led to the discovery that plants subjected to mechanical stimulation develop shorter and thicker axes than undisturbed plants, a syndrome called thigmomorphogenesis. Currently, mechanosensing is being intensively studied because of its involvement in many physiological processes in plants and particularly in the control of plant morphogenesis. From an ecological point of view, the shaping of plant architecture has to be precisely organized in space to ensure light capture as well as mechanical stability. In natural environments terrestrial plants are subjected to mechanical stimulation mainly due to wind, but also due to precipitation, while aquatic and marine plants are subjected to current and wave energy. Plants acclimate to mechanically challenging environments by sensing mechanical stimulations and modifying their growth in length and diameter and their tissue properties to reduce potential for buckling or breakage. From a morphogenetic point of view, both external and internal mechanical cues play an important role in the control of cell division and meristem development likely by modulating microtubule orientation. How mechanical stimulations are being sensed by plants is an area of intense research. Different types of mechanosensors have been discovered or proposed, including ion channels gated by membrane tension (stretch activation) and plasma membrane receptor-like kinases that monitor the cell wall deformations. Electrophysiologists have measured the conductances of some stretch-activated channels and have showed that SAC of different structures can exhibit different conductances. The role of these differences in conductance has not yet been established. Once a mechanical stimulus has been perceived, it must be converted into a biological signal that can lead to variations of plant phenotype. Calcium has been shown to function as an early second messenger, tightly linked with changes in cytosolic and apoplastic pH. Transcriptional analyses of the effect of mechanical stimulation have revealed a considerable number of differentially expressed genes, some of which appear to be specific to mechanical signal transduction. These genes can thus serve as markers of mechanosensing, for example, in studies attempting to define signalling threshold, or variations of mechanosensitivity (accommodation). Quantitative biomechanical studies have lead to a model of mechanoperception which links mechanical state and plant responses, and provides an integrative tool to study the regulation of mechanosensing. This model includes parameters (sensitivity and threshold) that can be estimated experimentally. It has also been shown that plants are desensitized when exposed to multiple mechanical signals as a function of their mechanical history. Finally, mechanosensing is also involved in osmoregulation or cell expansion. The links between these different processes involving mechanical signalling need further investigation. This frontier research topic provides an overview of the different aspects of mechanical signaling in plants, spanning perception, effects on plant growth and morphogenesis, and broad ecological significance. 517 $aMechanical Signaling in Plants 606 $aBotany & plant sciences$2bicssc 610 $aacclimation 610 $aGrowth 610 $aMechanical signals 610 $aPerception 610 $athigmomorphognesis 615 7$aBotany & plant sciences 700 $aStephen J. Mitchell$4auth$01292326 702 $aMonshausen$b Gabrielle$4auth 702 $aPuijalon$b Sara$4auth 702 $aCoutand$b Catherine$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910220055703321 996 $aMechanical Signaling in Plants: From Perception to Consequences for Growth and Morphogenesis (Thigmomorphogenesis) and Ecological Significance$93022174 997 $aUNINA