LEADER 01710nam 2200409 450 001 996279896503316 005 20230417142201.0 010 $a1-5090-2039-X 035 $a(CKB)3710000000656599 035 $a(NjHacI)993710000000656599 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000656599 100 $a20230417d2016 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$a2016 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech) $eGreenTech 2016 : 6-8 April 2016, Kansas City, Missouri, United States /$fInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 210 1$aPiscataway, New Jersey :$cIEEE,$d[2016] 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (164 pages) $cillustrations 311 $a1-5090-2040-3 330 $aThe IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech) was conceived to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time securing green and clean energy sources for the 21st century GreenTech is now in its 8th year, and plans to draw insights and encourage collaboration from many disciplines and backgrounds in order to address this challenge. 517 $a2016 IEEE Green Technologies Conference 606 $aElectric power production$vCongresses 606 $aGreen technology$vCongresses 606 $aRenewable energy sources$vCongresses 615 0$aElectric power production 615 0$aGreen technology 615 0$aRenewable energy sources 676 $a621.31 801 0$bNjHacI 801 1$bNjHacl 906 $aPROCEEDING 912 $a996279896503316 996 $a2016 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)$92544160 997 $aUNISA LEADER 09033nam 2200577Ia 450 001 9910954921503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 0 $a9780470710135 010 0 $a0470710136 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7103347 035 $a(CKB)24989734100041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC470772 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL470772 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10351090 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL237965 035 $a(OCoLC)592756197 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7103347 035 $a(OCoLC)1347025685 035 $a(Perlego)2773403 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924989734100041 100 $a20090630d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPrinciples and applications of photochemistry /$fBrian Wardle 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley$d2009 215 $axiv, 250 p. $cill 300 $aIncludes index 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPrinciples and Applications of Photochemistry -- Contents -- Preface -- 1: Introductory Concepts -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 1.1 THE QUANTUM NATURE OF MATTER AND LIGHT -- 1.2 MODELLING ATOMS: ATOMIC ORBITALS -- 1.3 MODELLING MOLECULES: MOLECULAR ORBITALS -- 1.4 MODELLING MOLECULES: ELECTRONIC STATES -- 1.5 LIGHT SOURCES USED IN PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- 1.5.1 The Mercury Lamp -- 1.5.2 Lasers -- 1.6 EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES: QUANTUM YIELD -- 1.6.1 Primary Quantum Yield (?) -- 1.6.2 Overall Quantum Yield (?) -- 2: Light Absorption and Electronically-excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 THE BEER-LAMBERT LAW -- 2.3 THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIGHT ABSORPTION BY MOLECULES -- 2.4 ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY ORGANIC MOLECULES -- 2.5 LINEARLY-CONJUGATED MOLECULES -- 2.6 SOME SELECTION RULES -- 2.7 ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY INORGANIC COMPLEXES -- 3: The Physical Deactivation of Excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 JABLONSKI DIAGRAMS -- 3.2.1 Vibrational Relaxation -- 3.2.2 Internal Conversion -- 3.2.3 Intersystem Crossing -- 3.2.4 Fluorescence -- 3.2.5 Phosphorescence -- 3.3 EXCITED-STATE LIFETIMES -- 3.3.1 Excited Singlet-state Lifetime -- 3.3.2 Excited Singlet-state Radiative Lifetime -- 3.3.3 Lifetimes of the T1 Excited State -- 4: Radiative Processes of Excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 FLUORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA -- 4.3 AN EXCEPTION TO KASHA'S RULE -- 4.4 FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELD -- 4.5 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FLUORESCENCE BEHAVIOUR -- 4.5.1 The Nature of S1 -- 4.5.2 Molecular Rigidity -- 4.5.3 The Effect of Substituent Groups -- 4.5.4 The Heavy Atom Effect -- 4.6 MOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY -- 4.7 PHOSPHORESCENCE -- 4.8 DELAYED FLUORESCENCE -- 4.8.1 P-type Delayed Fluorescence (Triplet-Triplet Annihilation). 327 $a4.8.2 E-type Delayed Fluorescence (Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence) -- 4.9 LANTHANIDE LUMINESCENCE -- 5: Intramolecular Radiationless Transitions of Excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 THE ENERGY GAP LAW -- 5.3 THE FRANCK-CONDON FACTOR -- 5.3.1 Case (A): Both Electronic States Have a Similar Geometry, with a Large Energy Separation between the States -- 5.3.2 Case (B): Both Electronic States Have a Similar Geometry, with a Small Energy Separation between the States -- 5.3.3 Case (C): The Electronic States Have Different Geometries, with a Large Energy Separation between the States -- 5.4 HEAVY ATOM EFFECTS ON INTERSYSTEM CROSSING -- 5.5 EL-SAYED'S SELECTION RULES FOR INTERSYSTEM CROSSING -- 6: Intermolecular Physical Processes of Excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 6.1 QUENCHING PROCESSES -- 6.2 EXCIMERS -- 6.2.1 Excimer Emission in Ca2+ Sensing -- 6.3 EXCIPLEXES -- 6.3.1 Exciplex Fluorescence Imaging -- 6.4 INTERMOLECULAR ELECTRONIC ENERGY TRANSFER -- 6.5 THE TRIVIAL OR RADIATIVE MECHANISM OF ENERGY TRANSFER -- 6.6 LONG-RANGE DIPOLE-DIPOLE (COULOMBIC) ENERGY TRANSFER -- 6.6.1 Dynamic Processes within Living Cells -- 6.6.2 Molecular Ruler -- 6.6.3 Molecular Beacons -- 6.7 SHORT-RANGE ELECTRON-EXCHANGE ENERGY TRANSFER -- 6.7.1 Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer and Photosensitisation -- 6.7.2 Singlet Oxygen and Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment -- 6.8 PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER (PET) -- 6.8.1 Fluorescence Switching by PET -- 6.8.2 The Marcus Theory of Electron Transfer -- 6.8.3 Experimental Evidence Relating to the Marcus Equation -- 6.8.4 Evidence for the Inverted Region -- 7: Some Aspects of the Chemical Properties of Excited States -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 7.1 THE PATHWAY OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS -- 7.2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHOTOCHEMICAL AND THERMAL REACTIONS -- 7.3 PHOTOLYSIS. 327 $a7.3.1 Photohalogenation of Hydrocarbons -- 7.3.2 The Stratospheric Ozone Layer: Its Photochemical Formation and Degradation -- 7.3.3 Radicals in the Polluted Troposphere -- 7.4 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON-CENTRED RADICALS -- 7.5 PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE COMPLEXES AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF d-BLOCK ELEMENTS -- 7.5.1 The Photochemistry of Metal Complexes -- 7.5.2 An Aside: Redox Potentials Involved in Photoredox Reactions -- 7.5.3 Organometallic Photochemistry -- 8: The Photochemistry of Alkenes -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 8.1 EXCITED STATES OF ALKENES -- 8.2 GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISATION BY DIRECT IRRADIATION OF C=C COMPOUNDS -- 8.2.1 Phototherapy -- 8.2.2 Vision -- 8.3 PHOTOSENSITISED GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISATION OF C=C COMPOUNDS -- 8.3.1 Synthesis -- 8.4 CONCERTED PHOTOREACTIONS -- 8.4.1 Electrocyclic Reactions -- 8.4.2 Sigmatropic Shifts -- 8.5 PHOTOCYCLOADDITION REACTIONS -- 8.5.1 Solar Energy Storage -- 8.6 PHOTOADDITION REACTIONS -- 8.6.1 DNA Damage by UV -- 9: The Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 9.1 EXCITED STATES OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS -- 9.2 ?-CLEAVAGE REACTIONS -- 9.3 INTERMOLECULAR HYDROGEN-ABSTRACTION REACTIONS -- 9.4 INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN-ABSTRACTION REACTIONS -- 9.5 PHOTOCYCLOADDITION REACTIONS -- 9.6 THE ROLE OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN POLYMER CHEMISTRY -- 9.6.1 Vinyl Polymerisation -- 9.6.2 Photochemical Cross-linking of Polymers -- 9.6.3 Photodegradation of Polymers -- 10: Investigating Some Aspects of Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 INFORMATION FROM ELECTRONIC SPECTRA -- 10.3 TRIPLET-QUENCHING STUDIES -- 10.4 SENSITISATION -- 10.5 FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDIES -- 10.5.1 An Aside: Some Basic Ideas on Reaction Kinetics -- 10.5.2 Flash Photolysis Studies in Bimolecular Electron-transfer Processes. 327 $a10.5.3 Photochemistry of Substituted Benzoquinones in Ethanol/Water -- 10.5.4 Time-resolved Infrared Spectroscopy -- 10.5.5 Femtochemistry -- 10.6 LOW-TEMPERATURE STUDIES -- FURTHER READING -- 11: Semiconductor Photochemistry -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- 11.2 SOLAR-ENERGY CONVERSION BY PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS -- 11.2.1 Dye-sensitised Photovoltaic Cells -- 11.3 SEMICONDUCTORS AS SENSITISERS FOR WATER SPLITTING -- 11.4 SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS -- 11.5 SEMICONDUCTOR-PHOTOINDUCED SUPERHYDROPHILICITY -- FURTHER READING -- 12: An Introduction to Supramolecular Photochemistry -- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES -- 12.1 SOME BASIC IDEAS -- 12.2 HOST-GUEST SUPRAMOLECULAR PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- 12.2.1 Micelles -- 12.2.2 Zeolites as Supramolecular Hosts for Photochemical Transformations -- 12.2.3 Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Hosts -- 12.3 SUPRAMOLECULAR PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN NATURAL SYSTEMS -- 12.3.1 Vision -- 12.3.2 Photosynthesis -- 12.3.3 Bacterial Photosynthesis -- 12.4 ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- 12.5 PHOTOCHEMICAL SUPRAMOLECULAR DEVICES -- 12.5.1 Devices for Photoinduced Energy or Electron Transfer -- 12.5.2 Devices for Information Processing based on Photochemical or Photophysical Processes -- 12.5.3 Devices Designed to Undergo Extensive Conformational Changes on Photoexcitation: Photochemically-driven Molecular Machines -- FURTHER READING -- Index. 330 $aA modern introduction to photochemistry covering the principles and applications of this topic from both a physical chemistry and organic chemistry angle. Coverage ranges from subjects such as lasers, the atmosphere, biochemistry, medicine and industry and also includes the latest developments in relation to photochemical molecular machines, photodynamic therapy applied to cancer, photochromatic imaging, and photostabilizers. Little in the way of prior knowledge is assumed, and the reader is aided by numerous worked examples, learning objectives, chapter summaries and problems. 606 $aChemistry 606 $aPhotochemistry 615 0$aChemistry. 615 0$aPhotochemistry. 676 $a541/.35 686 $a431.5$2njb/09 686 $a541/.35$2njb/09 700 $aWardle$b Brian$01804073 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910954921503321 996 $aPrinciples and applications of photochemistry$94351942 997 $aUNINA