LEADER 01250nam 2200385 a 450 001 996247937503316 005 20230221230123.0 010 $z0231105142 010 $z0231105150 035 $a(dli)HEB00158 035 $a(CKB)1000000000396174 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000396174 100 $a19970512d1997 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmnummmmuuuu 200 10$aPalestinian identity$b[electronic resource] $ethe construction of modern national consciousness /$fRashid Khalidi 210 $aNew York $cColumbia University Press$dc1997 215 $axvi, 309 p. ;$d24 cm 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p.[267]-285) and index. 410 0$aACLS Humanities E-Book. 531 $aPALESTINIAN IDENTITY 606 $aPalestinian Arabs$zIsrael$xEthnic identity 606 $aArab-Israeli conflict 606 $aPalestinian Arabs$zJerusalem 615 0$aPalestinian Arabs$xEthnic identity. 615 0$aArab-Israeli conflict. 615 0$aPalestinian Arabs 700 $aKhalidi$b Rashid$0250265 712 02$aAmerican Council of Learned Societies. 801 0$bMiU 801 1$bMiU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996247937503316 996 $aPalestinian identity$91296788 997 $aUNISA LEADER 08129nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910961838503321 005 20251116181850.0 010 $a1-62100-570-4 035 $a(CKB)2550000001043257 035 $a(EBL)3021328 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000874141 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12382736 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000874141 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10877900 035 $a(PQKB)10403452 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3021328 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3021328 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10682986 035 $a(OCoLC)846959696 035 $a(BIP)38864314 035 $a(BIP)36024037 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001043257 100 $a20110922d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aAmmonia $estructure, biosynthesis and functions /$fVictoria A. Fekete and Re?ka L. Molna?r, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aHauppauge, N.Y. $cNova Science Publishers$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (149 p.) 225 1 $aChemical engineering methods and technology 225 1 $aBiochemistry research trends 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-62100-502-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- AMMONIA -- AMMONIA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ENERGY METABOLISM IN ACUTE AMMONIA INTOXICATION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. AMMONIA METABOLISM DISTURBANCE AND HYPERAMMONEMIA -- III. AMMONIA TOXICITY -- IV. BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ACUTE AMMONIA INTOXICATION: SEQUENCE OF METABOLIC EVENTS -- V. BRAIN ENERGY METABOLISM IN ACUTE AMMONIA INTOXICATION -- VI. MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY METABOLISM -- VI.1. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Oxidative Phosphorylation -- VI.2. Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Malate-Aspartate Shuttle -- VI.3. Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Mitochondrial Enzymes of Malate-Aspartate Shuttle -- VI.4. Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Mitochondrial Metabolites of Malate-Aspartate Shuttle -- VI.5. Effects of Ammonia on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential In Vivo -- VI.6. Calcium Transport Across Rat Brain Mitochondrial Membrane -- VI.6.1. Endogenous Calcium in Mitochondria -- VI.6.2. Calcium Uptake by Mitochondria -- VI.6.3. Mitochondrial Calcium Capacity and Calcium Efflux from Mitochondria -- VI.6.4. t-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Calcium Efflux from Mitochondria -- VI.6.5. Comparison of Ammonia Effects In Vivo and In Vitro on Calcium Fluxes in Mitochondria -- VII. BRAIN LACTATE ACCUMULATION EX VIVO -- VIII. RELATIONSHIP OF ACUTE HYPERAMMONEMIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS -- VIII.1. Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Production -- VIII.2. Effects of Ammonia on Pro- and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities -- VIII.3. A Summary of Ex Vivo Effects of Ammonia on Brain Mitochondria -- IX. MARKERS OF NEURONAL APOPTOSIS -- IX.1. Efflux of Cytochrome C into Cytoplasm -- IX.2. Caspases in Mitochondria, Cytoplasm and Nuclei -- IX.3. Apoptotic Alterations in Cell Nuclei -- IX.3.1. DNA Fragmentation -- IX.3.2. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Levels and Changes -- IX.3.3. Nuclear NAD Levels. 327 $aIX.3.4. Nuclear NAD Synthetase and NAD Glycohydrolase Activities -- IX.3.5. P53 Dynamics -- X. BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE CYTOPLASM -- X.1. Cytosolic Pro-Oxidant Enzymes -- X.2. Role of Nitric Oxide in Changes of Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes -- XI. ALTERATIONS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE -- XI.1. Brain ATPase in Acute Ammonia Intoxication -- XI.2. Roles of NMDA Receptors in Acute Ammonia Toxicity -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTIC SENSOR OF AMMONIA GAS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MAIN APPLICATION AREAS OF AMMONIA SENSORS -- II.1. Environmental Ammonia Sensors -- II.2. Automotive Ammonia Sensors -- II.3. Industrial Ammonia Sensors -- II.4. Medical Ammonia Sensors -- III. PRINCIPLES OF AMMONIA SENSORS -- III.1. Metal Oxide Sensors -- III.2. Catalytic Sensors -- III.3. Conductive Polymer Sensors -- III.4. Sensors with Nano-Sized Structures -- III.5. Extrinsic Optical Sensors -- III.6. Intrinsic Optical Sensors -- III.7. Distributed Sensing Systems -- IV. DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTIC SENSOR OF AMMONIA WITH OTDR READOUT -- V. SIMULATED RESULTS AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SPECIFIC INHIBITION BY AMINES AND AMMONIUM ION OF INITIATION AND ACTIVATION OF RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA) GENE EXPRESSION AT AND AFTER MIDBLASTULA TRANSITION (MBT) IN XENOPUS EMBRYOGENESIS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF XENOPUS EMBRYOS AS AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM -- 2. DISSOCIATED XENOPUS EMBRYONIC CELLS AS A NEW EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR STUDYING RRNA GENE EXPRESSION -- 3. A UNIQUE DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF RRNA GENE EXPRESSION BEFORE AND AFTER MIDBLASTULA STAGE, OR THE STAGE OF MBT -- 4. TIMING OF THE INITIATION OF MRNA CAP METHYLATION IS NOT THE BLASTULA STAGE BUT THE CLEAVAGE STAGE IN XENOPUS EMBRYOGENESIS. 327 $a5. ATTEMPTS TO FIND OUT A FACTOR THAT CONTROLS RRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN XENOPUS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT -- 6. WEAK BASES (AMMONIUM ION AND AMINES) SELECTIVELY INHIBIT RRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN XENOPUS NEURULA CELLS -- 7. WEAK BASES SUPPRESS BOTH INITIATION AND ACTIVATION OF RRNA GENE EXPRESSION WHICH STARTS AT AND AFTER MBT STAGE IN XENOPUS EMBRYOGENESIS -- 8. WEAK BASES INHIBIT RRNA GENE EXPRESSION AT THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVEL IN XENOPUS EMBRYONIC CELLS -- 9. CELL PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF THE INHIBITION OF RRNA GENE EXPRESSION BY WEAK BASES -- 10. AMMONIA AS A CANDIDATE FOR ONE OF THE FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF RRNA GENE EXPRESSION DURING XENOPUS EMBRYOGENESIS -- CONCLUSION AND A WORKING HYPOTHESIS -- REFERENCES -- PLANT ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES AND NUTRIENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REGULATION OF PROLINE ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS -- PHENYLPROPANOIDS IN PLANT STRESS RESPONSES -- REFERENCES -- ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF AMMONIA, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, NITRIC ACID AND SULFUR DIOXIDE BY MEMBRANE-TYPE PASSIVE METHOD AND THEIR EMISSION INVENTORY IN JAPAN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- 1. Emission Inventory -- 2. Passive Method -- RESULTS AND DICUSSION -- 1. Annual Emission Map -- 2. Monthly Emission Variation -- 3. Relation Atmospheric Gas Concentration with Its Emission Inventory -- 4. Monthly Variation of Gas Concentrations -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CONCENTRATION GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS AND FLUX CALCULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA OVER GRASSLAND (BUGAC-PUSZTA, HUNGARY) -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MEASUREMENT SITE AND INSTRUMENTATION, DATASET AND QUALITY CONTROL -- 3. AMMONIA FLUX CALCULATION -- 4. RESULLTS AND DDISCUSSIOONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX. 330 $aAmmonia is a natural and common nitrous agent affecting all vital processes in animal, plant and bacterial cells. In organisms, it is produced by about two hundred enzyme reactions, thus being an essential and harmless metabolite. At high concentrations, ammonia becomes a strong toxin. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the structure, biosynthesis and functions of ammonia. Topics include the biochemical studies on energy metabolism in animals in acute ammonia intoxication; development of distributed fiber optic sensors of ammonia gas; inhibition of rRNA synthesis by amines and ammonium ions in xenopus embryos; amino acids that play roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stress and the atmospheric concentration of NH3, NO2, HNO3 and SO2 by the passive method compared with corresponding emission inventory. 410 0$aChemical engineering methods and technology. 410 0$aBiochemistry research trends series. 606 $aAmmonia 615 0$aAmmonia. 676 $a546/.7112 701 $aFekete$b Victoria A$01865464 701 $aMolna?r$b Re?ka L$01865465 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961838503321 996 $aAmmonia$94472573 997 $aUNINA