LEADER 06192oam 2200637I 450 001 9910793668903321 005 20230817180356.0 010 $a1-351-04679-9 010 $a1-351-04677-2 010 $a1-351-04678-0 035 $a(CKB)4100000008402256 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5784292 035 $a(OCoLC)1103918512$z(OCoLC)1104062435 035 $a(OCoLC-P)1103918512 035 $a(FlBoTFG)9781351046794 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000008402256 100 $a20190607d2019 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||unuuu 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aHuman rights and the digital divide /$fAnne Peacock 210 1$aAbingdon, Oxon ;$aNew York, NY :$cRoutledge,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (xviii, 248 pages) 225 1 $aRoutledge research in human rights law 311 $a1-138-48606-X 327 $aCover; Half Title; Series Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of contents; Acknowledgements; Table of cases; Abbreviations; 1 General introduction; 1.1 Scope of the book; 1.2 Methodological approach; 1.3 Definitional challenges; 1.4 Key themes of the book; 1.5 Structure of the book; 2 The historical context of international debates on a right to access to information technology and digital divide guarantees; 2.1 Phase I: the early years of the UN; 2.2 Phase II: New World Information and Communication Order and the MacBride Report 327 $a2.3 Phase III: the 2003 and 2005 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)2.4 Phase IV: the Internet Governance Forum and the WSIS implementation process; 2.5 Conclusion: the need to assess the digital divide phenomenon through a human rights legal framework; 3 Negative obligations; 3.1 Brief introduction to freedom of expression: Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR); 3.2 Yildirim v. Turkey; 3.3 Inter-American system: similarities and differences; 3.4 Conclusions: denial of access to the Internet and prevention of collateral censorship on the Internet 327 $a4 Positive obligations to facilitate access to the Internet4.1 Definition, scope, and how to determine whether there is a positive obligation; 4.2 Positive obligations to protect against third-party interference; 4.3 Positive obligations to safeguard pluralism; 4.4 Positive obligations to provide access to information; 4.5 Implications on potential positive obligations to facilitate universal access to the Internet; 4.6 Opportunities and challenges for a freedom of expression framework to address the digital divide 327 $a5 Looking outside freedom of expression to strengthen digital inclusion guarantees5.1 Rights essential in a democratic society; 5.2 Role of the Internet in society and the principle of self-fulfilment; 5.3 Non-discrimination: framing of a 'right to access the internet' in terms of equality; 5.4 Conclusion: creating a more robust human rights legal framework to bridge the digital divide; 6 Case study in digital inclusion; Purpose and scope; 6.1 Jalisco's legal framework for La Agenda Digital Jalisco 2013; 6.2 JDA's digital inclusion implementation framework 327 $a6.3 The Digital Community Centres' improving digital literacy, increasing access to activities and services6.4 Challenges or barriers preventing the effective implementation of the digital inclusion programme; 6.5 Conclusion: toward mutually reinforcing lines of research to support bridging the digital divide; 7 Conclusions; 7.1 Access to the infrastructure and access to content; 7.2 Difficulties in categorizing speech online; 7.3 Mapping international legal standards; 7.4 Linking human rights protection to the digital divide: setting an inter-disciplinary agenda to bridge the digital divide 330 $aThe Internet's importance for freedom of expression and other rights comes in part from the ability it bestows on users to create and share information, rather than just receive it. Within the context of existing freedom of expression guarantees, this book critically evaluates the goal of bridging the 'digital divide' - the gap between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not. Central to this analysis is the examination of two questions: first, is there a right to access the Internet, and if so, what does that right look like and how far does it extend? Second, if there is a right to access the Internet, is there a legal obligation on States to overcome the digital divide? Through examination of this debate's history, analysis of case law in the European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and a case study of one digital inclusion programme in Jalisco, Mexico, this book concludes that there is indeed currently a legal right to Internet access, but one that it is very limited in scope. The 2012 Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet is aspirational in nature, rather than a representative summary of current protections afforded by the international human rights legal framework. This book establishes a critical foundation from which some of these aspirations could be advanced in the future. The digital divide is not just a human rights challenge nor will it be overcome through human rights law alone. Nevertheless, human rights law could and should do more than it has thus far. 410 0$aRoutledge research in human rights law. 606 $aRight to Internet access 606 $aInternet$9eng$2eurovoc 606 $afreedom of expression$9eng$2eurovoc 606 $ainformation$9eng$2eurovoc 606 $ahuman rights$9eng$2eurovoc 606 $acase study$9eng$2eurovoc 615 0$aRight to Internet access. 615 $aInternet 615 7$afreedom of expression 615 7$ainformation 615 7$ahuman rights 615 7$acase study 676 $a341.4833 686 $a12.32.12$2EP-CLASS 686 $a32.20.24$2EP-CLASS 700 $aPeacock$b Anne$01576704 801 0$bOCoLC-P 801 1$bOCoLC-P 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910793668903321 996 $aHuman rights and the digital divide$93854640 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03676nam 2200625Ia 450 001 996218169803316 005 20230607214108.0 010 $a1-280-28434-X 010 $a9786610284344 010 $a0-470-70124-2 010 $a1-78034-041-9 010 $a0-470-99859-8 010 $a1-4051-2305-2 035 $a(CKB)111087027739234 035 $a(EBL)214121 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL214121 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10240461 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4956239 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL28434 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC214121 035 $a(OCoLC)184983724 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027739234 100 $a20020213d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 02$aA companion to American women's history$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Nancy A. Hewitt 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aOxford, UK ;$aMalden, MA $cBlackwell$d2002 215 $a1 online resource (512 p.) 225 1 $aBlackwell companions to American history 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-631-21252-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [433]-480) and index. 327 $aA Companion to American Women's History; Contents; About the Contributors; Introduction; Part I The Colonial Era, 1600-1760; 1 The Imperial Gaze: Native American, African American, andColonial Women in European Eyes; 2 Slavery and the Slave Trade; 3 Contact and Conquest in Colonial North America; 4 Building Colonies, Defining Families; 5 Sinners and Saints: Women and Religion in Colonial America; Part II The Creation of a New Nation, 1760-1880; 6 A Revolution for Whom? Women in the Era of the AmericanRevolution; 7 Gender and Class Formations in the Antebellum North 327 $a8 Religion, Reform, and Radicalism in the Antebellum Era9 Conflicts and Cultures in the West; 10 Rural Women; 11 The Civil War Era; 12 Marriage, Property, and Class; 13 Health, Sciences, and Sexualities in Victorian America; Part III Modern America, 1880-1990; 14 Education and the Professions; 15 Wage-earning Women; 16 Consumer Cultures; 17 Urban Spaces and Popular Cultures, 1890-1930; 18 Women on the Move: Migration and Immigration; 19 Women's Movements, 1880s-1920s; 20 Medicine, Law, and the State: The History of Reproduction; 21 The Great Depression and World War II 327 $a22 Rewriting Postwar Women's History, 1945-196023 Civil Rights and Black Liberation; 24 Second-wave Feminism; Bibliography: Selected Secondary Sources; Index 330 $aThis collection of twenty-four original essays by leading scholars in American women's history highlights the most recent important scholarship on the key debates and future directions of this popular and contemporary field. Covers the breadth of American Women's history, including the colonial family, marriage, health, sexuality, education, immigration, work, consumer culture, and feminism. Surveys and evaluates the best scholarship on every important era and topic. Includes expanded bibliography of titles to guide further research. 410 0$aBlackwell companions to American history. 606 $aWomen$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aFeminism$zUnited States$xHistory 615 0$aWomen$xHistory. 615 0$aFeminism$xHistory. 676 $a305.4/0973 676 $a305.40973 701 $aHewitt$b Nancy A.$f1951-$0677592 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996218169803316 996 $aA companion to American women's history$92098661 997 $aUNISA