LEADER 05569nam 2200685 a 450 001 996212661703316 005 20230422042735.0 010 $a1-282-78324-6 010 $a9786612783241 010 $a0-470-93515-4 010 $a1-59124-580-X 010 $a0-470-93514-6 035 $a(CKB)111086367653216 035 $a(EBL)588846 035 $a(OCoLC)690905435 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000071805 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11123275 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000071805 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10090508 035 $a(PQKB)11060837 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC588846 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111086367653216 100 $a20001003e20001997 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aElectrostatic ignitions of fires and explosions$b[electronic resource] /$fThomas H. Pratt 210 $aNew York, N.Y. $cCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers$dc2000 215 $a1 online resource (198 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8169-9948-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 171-176) and indexes. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aElectrostatic Ignitions of Fires and Explosions; CONTENTS; 1 Basic Concepts; 1.1 The Electrostatic Charge; 1.1.1 Electrons, Protons, and Ions; 1.1.2 Charge Distribution: Point, Space, and Surface Charges; 1.2 The Electric Field; 1.2.1 Mapping Electric Fields; 1.2.2 Dielectrics; 1.2.3 Dielectric Breakdown; 1.3 Ground Potential; 1.3.1 Grounding; 1.3.2 Bonding; 1.4 Requirements for a Fire or an Explosion; 1.4.1 Ignitable Mixture; 1.4.2 Separation; 1.4.3 Accumulation; 1.4.4 Discharge; 2 Separation and Accumulation of Charge; 2.1 Mechanisms of Charge Generation; 2.2 Charge Alignment 327 $a2.3 Contact and Frictional Charging2.3.1 Surface Charging; 2.3.2 Powder Charging; 2.4 Double Layer Charging; 2.5 Charging of Drops, Mists, and Aerosols; 2.6 Two Phase Flow; 2.7 Charge Separation at Phase Boundaries; 2.8 Charge Relaxation; 2.9 Host Material; 2.9.1 Bulk Conductivity; 2.9.2 Surface Conductivity; 2.9.3 Apparent Conductivity; 2.10 Separation vs. Relaxation; 2.10.1 Constant Voltage Case; 2.10.2 Constant Amperage Case; 2.11 Induction; 3 Discharge; 3.1 Classification of Discharges; 3.2 Characteristics of Discharges; 3.2.1 Corona Discharge; 3.2.2 Brush Discharge 327 $a3.2.3 Bulking Brush Discharge3.2.4 Propagating Brush Discharge; 3.2.5 Spark or Capacitor Discharge; 3.2.6 Lightning; 4 Minimum Ignition Energies; 4.1 Testing of Materials; 4.2 Minimum Ignition Energy, MIE; 4.2.1 MIEs of Gasses and Vapors; 4.2.2 MIEs of Dusts; 4.2.3 MIEs of Hybrid Mixtures; 4.2.4 MIEs in Enriched Oxygen Atmospheres; 4.2.5 MIEs of Explosives; 5 Discharge Energies; 5.1 Ignitions by Electrostatic Discharges; 5.2 Capacitive Discharges; 5.2.1 Human Sparks; 5.2.2 Clothing; 5.3 Brush Discharges; 5.3.1 Brush Discharges in Spaces; 5.3.2 Brush Discharges at Surfaces 327 $a5.4 Bulking Brush Discharges5.5 Propagating Brush Discharges; 5.6 Corona Discharges; 6 Electrification in Industrial Processes; 6.1 Charges in Liquids; 6.1.1 Streaming Currents; 6.1.2 Charge Relaxation in Liquids; 6.1.3 Liquid Conductivity; 6.1.4 Antistatic Additives; 6.1.5 Sedimentation; 6.2 Charges in Mists; 6.2.1 Washing; 6.2.2 Splash Loading; 6.2.3 Steaming; 6.2.4 Carbon Dioxide; 6.2.5 Charge Decay from Mists; 6.3 Charges in Powders; 6.3.1 Streaming Currents in Powders; 6.3.2 Charge Compaction in Powder Bulking; 6.3.3 Charge Relaxation in Powders; 6.4 Surface Charges 327 $a6.4.1 Triboelectric Charging6.4.2 Humidity; 6.4.3 Conductive Cloth and Plastics; 6.4.4 Neutralizers; 6.5 Intense Electrification; 6.6 Phase Separation Charges; 7 Design and Operating Criteria; 7.1 Grounding and Bonding; 7.1.1 Insulation from Ground; 7.1.2 Spark Promoters; 7.2 In-Process Relaxation Times; 7.2.1 Quiescent Relaxations; 7.2.2 Relaxation Downstream of Filters; 7.3 Simultaneous Operations; 7.4 Sounding Pipes; 8 Measurements; 8.1 Multimeters; 8.2 Electrometers; 8.3 Electrostatic Voltmeters; 8.4 Fieldmeters; 8.5 Faraday Cage; 8.6 Radios; 9 Quantification of Electrostatic Scenarios 327 $a9.1 Approximations 330 $aTom Pratt, a long-time process safety practitioner and lecturer in electrostatic safety, wrote this book to educate industry in the basics of electrostatics. It offers a selected collection of information designed to give readers the tools they need to examine the hazard potential of common industrial processes. Among the topics addressed are separation and accumulation of charge, discharge, minimum ignition energies, discharge energies, electrification in industrial processes, design and operating criteria, measurements, quantification of electrostatic scenarios. A selection of case histories 606 $aStatic electricity and fires 606 $aExplosions 606 $aElectric spark 606 $aFire investigation 615 0$aStatic electricity and fires. 615 0$aExplosions. 615 0$aElectric spark. 615 0$aFire investigation. 676 $a628.92 700 $aPratt$b Thomas H$022957 712 02$aAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers.$bCenter for Chemical Process Safety. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996212661703316 996 $aElectrostatic Ignitions of Fires and Explosions$9134604 997 $aUNISA