LEADER 05120nam 2200613 450 001 996205357103316 005 20230421044509.0 010 $a1-281-84292-3 010 $a9786611842925 010 $a3-527-61587-3 010 $a3-527-61586-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000375887 035 $a(EBL)482161 035 $a(OCoLC)289283035 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000148518 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11157496 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000148518 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10225265 035 $a(PQKB)11355278 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC482161 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000375887 100 $a20160819h19941994 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEnvironmental sampling for trace analysis /$fedited by Bernd Markert 210 1$aWeinheim, [Germany] :$cVCH,$d1994. 210 4$dİ1994 215 $a1 online resource (558 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-30051-1 327 $aEnvironmental Sampling for Trace Analysis; Contents; List of Contributors; Part I: Historical Aspects; 1 History of Sampling Demonstrated on the Ore Mining Industry - Empirical and Theoretical Approaches; Part II: General Aspects; 2 General Aspects of Environmental Sampling; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Terms and Definitions; 2.3 Aspects of Sampling; 2.3.1 Location, Place, and Position of Sample Removal; 2.3.2 Size, Quantity, and Volume of the Sample; 2.3.3 Number of Samples to be Taken; 2.3.4 Time, Duration, and Frequency of Sampling; 2.3.5 Homogeneity of the Sample 327 $a2.3.6 Contamination of the Sample2.3.7 Losses in the Sample; 2.3.8 Sample Storage and Conservation; 2.4 Guidelines and Norms; 2.4.1 Quality Assurance; 2.4.2 Environmental Protection; 2.5 References; 2.6 Appendix; 3 Trace Elements Need Trace Analysis; 3.1 Problems of Trace Element Analysis; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Problems of Biological Analysis; 3.1.3 Indicator Organs in Biological Evaluation; 3.2 The Importance of Trace Elements; 3.2.1 Introduction; 3.2.2 Criteria of Essentiality and Beneficiality; 3.2.3 Critcria of Toxicity; 3.2.4 Changes in Element Concentrations 327 $a3.2.5 The Importance of Trace Elements in the Environment3.2.6 Interactions between Differcnt Elements; 3.2.7 The Importancc of Interdisciplinary Trace Element Research; 3.3 References; 4 Error Estimation in Environmental Sampling and Analysis; 4. I Introduction; 4.2 Basic Concepts and Terminology; 4.3 Sampling Error in Context; 4.4 Methods for Estimating Quality of Measurements; 4.4.1 Measuring Analytical Precision; 4.4.2 Measuring Sampling Precision; 4.4.3 Targets for Acceptable Levels of Prccision in Sampling and Analysis; 4.4.4 Measuring Analytical Bias; 4.4.5 Estimating Sampling Bias 327 $a4.5 Targets for Acceptable Levels of Bias in Sampling and Analysis4.6 Conclusions; 4.7 References; 5 Estimation with Varying Detection Limits; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methodology; 5.2.1 The One-Dimensional Case; 5.2.2 The Bivariate Case; 5.3 Examples; 5.4 Discussion; 5.5 References; 5.6 Appendix; Part III : Examples for Sampling; A. Air; 6 Particle and Gas Measurements on Filters; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Filter Analysis Methods; 6.2.1 Mass; 6.2.2 Elements; 6.2.3 Water Soluble Ions; 6.2.4 Organic and Elemental Carbon; 6.3 Filter Media; 6.4 Aerosol Sampling Systems; 6.4.1 Size-Selective Inlets 327 $a6.4.2 Sampling Surfaces6.4.3 Filter Holders; 6.4.4 Pumps and Flow Controllers; 6.4.5 Sampler Configurations; 6.5 Sampling and Analysis Procedures; 6.6 Summary; 6.7 References; 7 Organic Gas Sampling; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Whole-Air Sampling; 7.2.1 Sampling Media Selection and Preparation; 7.2.2 Sampling; 7.2.3 Storage and Transport; 7.3 Preconcentration Methods; 7.3.1 Preconcentration on Nonselective Solid Adsorbents; 7.3.1.1 Sampling Media Selection and Preparation; 7.3.1.2 Sampling; 7.3.1.3 Storage and Transport; 7.3.2 Selective Methods of Compound Preconcentration 327 $a7.3.2.1 Sampling Media Selection and Preparation 330 $aOften too little attention is given to the sampling before and after actual instrumental measurement. This leads to errors, despite increasingly sensitive analytical systems.This is one of the first books to pay proper attention to representative sampling. It offers an overview of the most common techniques used today for taking environmental samples. The techniques are clearly presented, yield accurate and reproducible results and can be used to sample- air- water- soils and sediments- plants and animals.A comprehensive handbook, this volume provides an exc 606 $aEnvironmental monitoring 606 $aTrace elements$xAnalysis 615 0$aEnvironmental monitoring. 615 0$aTrace elements$xAnalysis. 676 $a615.902 676 $a628.015118 702 $aMarkert$b Bernd 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996205357103316 996 $aENVIRONMENTAL sampling for trace analysis$9410453 997 $aUNISA