LEADER 01164nam--2200397---450- 001 990000800120203316 005 20050112134107.0 010 $a88-459-0938-7 035 $a0080012 035 $aUSA010080012 035 $a(ALEPH)000080012USA01 035 $a0080012 100 $a20011210d1982----km-y0itay0103----ba 101 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $a||||||||001yy 200 1 $a<> presepio$fGiorgio Manganelli$ga cura di Ebe Flamini 210 $aMilano$cAdelphi$d[1982] 215 $a136 p$d22 cm 225 2 $aBiblioteca Adelphi$v260 410 $12001$aBiblioteca Adelphi$v260 676 $a853.914 700 1$aMANGANELLI,$bGiorgio$f<1922-1990>$0153242 702 1$aFLAMINI,$bEbe 801 0$aIT$bsalbc$gISBD 912 $a990000800120203316 951 $aVI.3.A. 201 (VARIE COLL 87/260)$b119603 L.M.$cVARIE COLL 959 $aBK 969 $aUMA 979 $aPATTY$b90$c20011210$lUSA01$h1117 979 $aPATTY$b90$c20020327$lUSA01$h0917 979 $c20020403$lUSA01$h1726 979 $aPATRY$b90$c20040406$lUSA01$h1655 979 $aCOPAT4$b90$c20050112$lUSA01$h1341 996 $aPresepio$9966322 997 $aUNISA LEADER 01220nas 2200421- 450 001 996204358703316 005 20230120002057.0 011 $a2214-8523 035 $a(OCoLC)903595270 035 $a(CKB)3710000000204177 035 $a(CONSER)--2020204978 035 $a(DE-599)ZDB2819885-2 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000204177 100 $a20150218a20149999 --- a 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aJournal of African trade 210 1$a[Cairo] :$c[Afreximbank],$d2014- 210 31$a[Amsterdam] :$cAtlantis Press 300 $aRefereed/Peer-reviewed 311 $a2214-8515 517 1 $aJAT 606 $aCommerce$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00869279 606 $aEconomic history$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00901974 607 $aAfrica$xEconomic conditions$vPeriodicals 607 $aAfrica$xCommerce$vPeriodicals 607 $aAfrica$2fast 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 615 7$aCommerce. 615 7$aEconomic history. 712 02$aAfrican Export-Import Bank, 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a996204358703316 996 $aJournal of African trade$91890525 997 $aUNISA LEADER 07561oam 2200637 c 450 001 9910746983803321 005 20260202090927.0 010 $a3-657-79038-1 024 3 $a9783657790388 035 $a(CKB)5690000000124326 035 $a(NjHacI)995690000000124326 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31218028 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31218028 035 $a(Brill | Scho?ningh)9783657790388 035 $a(Brill | Schöningh)9783657790388 035 $a(EXLCZ)995690000000124326 100 $a20260202d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Wallachian Gold-Washers$eUnlocking the Golden Past of the Rudari Woodworkers$fJulieta Rotaru, David Gaunt 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aPaderborn$cBrill | Schöningh$d2023 215 $a1 online resource 225 0 $aRoma History and Culture$v2 311 08$a3-506-79038-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on the Use of Terminology -- Abbreviations -- List of Tables, Diagrams, Maps and Illustrations -- Introduction: Scope and Limits of the Study -- Chapter 1 Literature Review -- 1.1 The Linguists -- 1.1.1 While Mapping the Daco-Romanian Dialects: Gustav Weigand -- 1.1.2 Further Mapping: Atlas of Romanian Language II, Emil Petrovici and Ion Ghe?ie -- 1.1.3 The First Description of a Dialect Spoken by Rudari in Romania: Ion Calot? -- 1.1.4 Towards a Comparative Dialectal Description: Nicolae Saramandu -- 1.1.5 The Dialectal Geography of the Rudari: Thede Kahl -- 1.1.6 Conclusions -- 1.2 The Ethnographers, Historians, Anthropologists -- 1.2.1 Paul Bataillard (1816-1894) -- 1.2.2 Martin Block (1891-1972) -- 1.2.3 A Momentum, Ion Chelcea -- 1.2.4 Further Ethnological Investigations in the Muscel Region -- 1.2.5 Recent Fieldwork in Oltenia -- 1.2.6 Conclusion -- 1.3 Sources -- 1.3.1 Cozia Monastery Registers -- 1.3.1.1 Description of the Manuscripts from ANIC -- 1.3.1.2 Previous Research -- 1.3.2 The 1838 Census of Population, Houses and Agriculture -- Chapter 2 Wallachia, from its Rise until the Mid-Nineteenth Century -- Chapter 3 The Time and Space of the Gold-Washers -- 3.1 The Legacy from Antiquity -- 3.2 Renewal of Mining in the Middle Ages and early Modern Era -- 3.3 Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Different Names in Different Times -- 4.1 AURAR, pl. AURARI -- 4.1.1 The Rich Lexical Family of aur -- 4.1.2 First Occurrence of the Term aurar: the Case of Stanciul Aurarul -- 4.1.3 Further Uses of the Term aurar -- 4.2 ZL?TAR, pl. ZL?TARI -- 4.2.1 First Occurrences of the Term zl?tar -- 4.2.2 Requalification of the zl?tari into Steelmakers -- 4.2.3 The High Status Zl?tari. The Case of Mihai O?el - 'Michael the Steel' -- 4.2.4 Other Occurrences of o?elar 'Steelmaker'. 327 $a4.2.5 Later Occurrences of the Term zl?tar in Wallachia -- 4.2.6 Conclusion: Co-Occurrence of the Terms aurar and zl?tar, Replacement and Semantic Shift -- 4.3 RUDAR, pl. RUDARI -- 4.3.1 The First Occurrence of the Term rudar, Mid-Sixteenth Century -- 4.3.2 Last Rudar Gold-Washers, Mid-Nineteenth Century -- 4.4 B?IE?, pl. B?IE?I -- 4.5 LINGURAR, pl. LINGURARI -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Considerations on the Terminology of Slavery, rob and ?igan -- 5.1 The Semantical Evolution of the Terms rob, ?igan, celiad, s?la? -- 5.1.1 ROB, ROBIE -- 5.1.2 ?IGAN and CELIAD/S?LA? -- 5.2 Conclusions -- Chapter 6 The Relations of Cozia Monastery with the Rudari (1388-1716) -- 6.1 The Emergence of the State of Wallachia -- 6.2 The Donation Act According to the Registers of the Cozia Monastery -- 6.3 Wallachia's Gold -- 6.4 Mining Traditions and Regulations -- 6.5 Copper Mines in Oltenia -- 6.6 Organising Gold Mining in Wallachia -- 6.7 Institutionalisation of the Rudari -- 6.8 Rethinking the Donation of the Rudari -- 6.9 The rob Slave Status of the Rudari -- 6.10 Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Enlightened Reforms and the Rudari: the Early Eighteenth Century to the Mid-Nineteenth Century -- 7.1 Rudari during the Austrian Occupation of Oltenia (1718-1739) -- 7.1.1 Annexation of Oltenia Region to the Habsburg Empire -- 7.1.2 Agriculture and Domestic Craft Industry -- 7.1.3 Mining in Austrian Oltenia -- 7.1.4 Austrian Economic Reforms -- 7.1.5 Rudari in Austrian Oltenia: First Steps towards Liberation -- 7.1.6 Migration of the Rudari from Oltenia to the Austrian Territory -- 7.1.7 The Development of Banat Mining from 1722 to 1763 -- 7.1.8 Other Austrian Reforms -- 7.1.9 Oltenia's Reunification with Wallachia -- 7.1.10 Further Changes in the Rudari's Status -- 7.2 War of 1787-1792 and the Rudari -- 7.3 Russians Transform the Rudari (1828-1834). 327 $a7.4 The Gold-Washers and Spoon-Makers in the Organic Statutes -- 7.5 Relocation of Rudari from their Ancient Settlements -- 7.6 Divisions among the Rudari -- 7.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 8 The Rudari's Occupational Transition -- 8.1 Gold Production -- 8.2 Socio-Economic Conditions of the Rudari in Mid-Nineteenth Century -- 8.3 ?igani as Gold-Washers -- 8.4 The Lingurari -- 8.5 The Zl?tari -- 8.6 Further Divisions of the Rudari -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Manuscripts -- Collections of Documents, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Dataset, etc -- Works on Rudari, Boyash etc -- Linguistic Works -- Works on History of Mining and Metallurgy -- Works on Ancient History -- Other Cited Works -- Appendix -- 1?29: Official Documents of the Voivodal Chancellery Regarding the Rudari from the Cozia Monastery Registers -- 30: The lists of the Rudari of Cozia Monastery, 1794 -- 31-34: Documents from the Moldavian Chancellery Referring to the Rudari (Eighteenth Century) -- 35: Application for a gold-washing concession from Alexandru Popovici, the engineer of Br?ila city, addressed to Gheorghe Bibescu, the Ruler of Wallachia, on March 21, 1843 -- 36-39: Lists of the Localities43 Inhabited by the Rudari, etc Reconstructed from the 1838 Census and Marele Dic?ionar Geografic -- Index locorum (localities, monasteries, rivers). 330 $aThis is the first monograph on the history of the Rudari people of Romania and the first mapping of their settlements. The Rudari are a population which has traditionally inhabited the Balkan area and much of Central Europe. Many of them do not know the Romani language but speak Romanian dialects and today make a living out of carving wooden household items, although their Slavic name alludes to mining. Indeed, the Rudari were for centuries gold-prospectors and gold-washers working for the Crown of Wallachia and were administrated as slaves by a monastery situated on the auriferous Olt river. The authors have reconstructed the fascinating history of this ethnic group for a period of 500 years until the 19th century when gold-panning went in decline due to the exhaustion of the reserves of alluvial gold. 410 0$aRoma history and culture ;$vVolume 2. 606 $afamily 606 $aRomania 606 $aRoma 606 $ahistory 606 $ademography 606 $aGypsies 615 4$afamily 615 4$aRomania 615 4$aRoma 615 4$ahistory 615 4$ademography 615 4$aGypsies 676 $a904.7 700 $aRotaru$b Julieta$4aut$01439243 702 $aGaunt$b David$4aut 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910746983803321 996 $aThe Wallachian gold-washers$93601490 997 $aUNINA