LEADER 05475nam 2200661 a 450 001 996198211103316 005 20230422041033.0 010 $a0-470-69525-0 010 $a1-282-34171-5 010 $a9786612341717 010 $a0-470-69675-3 035 $a(CKB)111004366736120 035 $a(EBL)470112 035 $a(OCoLC)609848664 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000181938 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11156472 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000181938 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10166289 035 $a(PQKB)10371960 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC470112 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366736120 100 $a19990819d2000 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aInterpretation and uses of medical statistics$b[electronic resource] /$fLeslie E. Daly, Geoffrey J. Bourke 205 $a5th ed. 210 $aOxford ;$aMalden, Mass. $cBlackwell Science$d2000 215 $a1 online resource (586 p.) 300 $aPrevious editions entered under: Bourke, Geoffrey J. 311 $a0-632-06275-4 311 $a0-632-04763-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 554-557) and index. 327 $aInterpretation and Uses of Medical Statistics; Contents; Preface; Structure of the Book; 1 Describing Data -A Single Variable; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Types of data; 1.3 Qualitative data -simple tables and bar charts; 1.4 Picturing quantitative data; 1.5 Shapes of distributions; 1.6 Measures of central value; 1.7 Other measures of location -quantiles; 1.8 Measures of dispersion; 1.9 Summary; 2 Probability, Populations and Samples; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Probability; 2.3 Populations and samples; 2.4 Sample surveys; 2.5 Summary; 3 Associations: Chance, Confounded or Causal?; 3.1 Introduction 327 $a3.2 Examining associations3.3 Interpreting associations; 3.4 Associations due to chance; 3.5 Associations due to bias or confounding; 3.6 Causal associations; 3.7 Summary; 4 Confidence Intervals: General Principles; Proportions, Means, Medians, Counts and Rates; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The normal distribution; 4.3 Sampling variation - proportions; 4.4 Confidence intervals for a proportion; 4.5 Sampling variation - means; 4.6 Confidence intervals for a mean; 4.7 Confidence intervals for a geometric mean [!]; 4.8 Confidence intervals for a median [!] 327 $a4.9 Confidence intervals for a count or rate [!]4.10 Summary; 5 Hypothesis Testing: General Principles and One-sample Tests for Means, Proportions, Counts and Rates; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The null and alternative hypotheses; 5.3 The significance test; 5.4 Relationship with confidence intervals; 5.5 One-sided and two-sided tests; 5.6 General structure of a significance test: the one sample z test for a mean; 5.7 Non-significant results and power: type I errors, type II errors and sample size; 5.8 The one-sample t test for a mean; 5.9 The one-sample z test for a proportion 327 $a5.10 The one-sample x2 test for many proportions [!]5.11 The one-sample z test for counts or rates; 5.12 Small sample sizes and the validity of assumptions [!]; 5.13 Summary; 6 Epidemiological and Clinical Research Methods; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Observational and experimental studies; 6.3 The cross-sectional study or survey; 6.4 The cohort study; 6.5 Measures of association in cohort studies; 6.6 Risk with variable-time follow-up [!]; 6.7 The case-control study; 6.8 Measures of association in case-control studies - the odds ratio; 6.9 The analysis of cohort and case-control studies [!] 327 $a6.10 Comparisons of cohort and case-control studies6.11 The randomized controlled trial; 6.12 Applicability versus validity of trial results; 6.13 Alternative trial designs; 6.14 Ethical considerations for trials; 6.15 Summary; 7 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests: Two-group Comparisons; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Independent and paired comparisons; 7.3 Parametric and non-parametric significance tests; 7.4 Comparison of two independent means; 7.5 Inferring significance from confidence intervals; 7.6 Comparison of two independent geometric means [!]; 7.7 Comparison of two independent medians 327 $a7.8 Comparison of paired means 330 $aIn 1969 the first edition of this book introduced the concepts of statistics and their medical application to readers with no formal training in this area. While retaining this basic aim, the authors have expanded the coverage in each subsequent edition to keep pace with the increasing use and sophistication of statistics in medical research. This fifth edition has undergone major restructuring, with some sections completely rewritten; it is now more logically organized and more user friendly (with the addition of 'summary boxes' throughout the text). It incorporates new statistical techniq 606 $aMedical statistics 606 $aMedicine$xResearch$xMethodology 615 0$aMedical statistics. 615 0$aMedicine$xResearch$xMethodology. 676 $a519.502461 676 $a610.21 700 $aDaly$b Leslie E$0916506 701 $aBourke$b Geoffrey J$g(Geoffrey Joseph)$0916507 701 $aBourke$b Geoffrey J$g(Geoffrey Joseph).$0916507 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996198211103316 996 $aInterpretation and uses of medical statistics$92054503 997 $aUNISA