LEADER 01306nam2-2200397---450- 001 990003205230203316 005 20090618142633.0 010 $a978-88-13-29610-0 035 $a000320523 035 $aUSA01000320523 035 $a(ALEPH)000320523USA01 035 $a000320523 100 $a20090312d2008----km-y0itay50------ba 101 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $a||||||||001yy 200 1 $a<<2.:>>Approfondimenti e riflessioni$fGiacomo Bertolini 210 $aPadova$cCedam$d2008 215 $aXII, 277 p.$d24 cm 225 2 $aDiritto canonico, diritto ecclesiastico$v14 410 0$12001$aDiritto canonico, diritto ecclesiastico$v14 461 0$1001000319877$12001$aIntenzione coniugale e sacramentalità del matrimonio$v14 606 0 $aMatrimonio$xDiritto canonico$2BNCF 676 $a262.94 700 1$aBERTOLINI,$bGiacomo$0472013 801 0$aIT$bsalbc$gISBD 912 $a990003205230203316 951 $aXXVIII.1.C 42/2 (IG XII 460/2)$b62622 G.$cIG XII 460$d00197681 959 $aBK 969 $aGIU 979 $aCHIARA$b90$c20090312$lUSA01$h1436 979 $aCHIARA$b90$c20090312$lUSA01$h1437 979 $aRSIAV4$b90$c20090618$lUSA01$h1426 979 $aRSIAV4$b90$c20090618$lUSA01$h1426 996 $aApprofondimenti e riflessioni$91015626 997 $aUNISA LEADER 08751nam 2200721Ia 450 001 9910957262703321 005 20251017110051.0 010 $a9786610203444 010 $a9780309185585 010 $a0309185580 010 $a9781280203442 010 $a1280203447 010 $a9780309583695 010 $a0309583691 010 $a9780585002316 010 $a0585002312 035 $a(CKB)110986584751112 035 $a(OCoLC)57596406 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10054986 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000140431 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11151285 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000140431 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10052926 035 $a(PQKB)11500055 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3375995 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3375995 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10054986 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL20344 035 $a(OCoLC)923260116 035 $a(Perlego)4734562 035 $a(DNLM)712993 035 $a(BIP)431861 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751112 100 $a19920429d1992 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDNA technology in forensic science /$fCommittee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, Board on Biology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1992 215 $a1 online resource (198 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309045872 311 08$a0309045878 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aDNA Technology in Forensic Science -- Copyright -- Preface -- A Statement by the Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science -- Contents -- Summary -- TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Recommendations -- STATISTICAL BASIS FOR INTERPRETATION -- Recommendations -- STANDARDS -- Recommendations -- DATABANKS AND PRIVACY OF INFORMATION -- Recommendations -- DNA INFORMATION IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM -- Recommendations -- DNA TYPING AND SOCIETY -- Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- GENETIC BASIS OF DNA TYPING -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA -- Individual Variation in DNA -- TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF DNA TYPING -- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms -- Polymerase Chain Reaction for Amplifying DNA -- POPULATION GENETICS RELEVANT TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DNA TYPING -- Estimating the Frequency of Alleles in Populations -- Population Substructure -- CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OPTIMAL FORENSIC DNA TYPING SYSTEM -- REFERENCES -- 2 DNA Typing: Technical Considerations -- ESSENTIALS OF A FORENSIC DNA TYPING PROCEDURE -- Scientific Foundations -- Written Laboratory Protocol -- Procedure For Identifying Patterns -- Procedure For Declaring a Match -- Identification of Potential Artifacts -- Sensitivity to Quantity, Mixture, and Contamination -- Experiential Foundation -- Publication and Scientific Scrutiny -- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN RFLP ANALYSIS -- Choice of Probes -- Southern Blot Preparation -- Identification of DNA Patterns -- Examination of a Control Pattern -- Single-Band Patterns -- Anomalous Bands -- Reporting of Anomalies -- Measurement of Fragments -- Match Criteria -- Retention of Sample -- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN PCR-BASED METHODS -- Technical Issues Related to Amplification -- Amplification Conditions -- Qualitative and Quantitative Fidelity -- Amplification Inhibition -- Contamination -- Issues Related to Detection of Amplified Product. 327 $aReverse Dot Hybridization -- Other Detection Methods -- Use of Kits -- Prospects of PCR-Based Methods -- NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON FORENSIC DNA TYPING -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 DNA Typing: Statistical Basis for Interpretation -- ESTIMATING THE POPULATION FREQUENCY OF A DNA PATTERN -- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns by Counting -- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns with the Multiplication Rule(Product Rule) -- Validity of Multiplication Rule and Population Substructure -- Basis of Concern About Population Substructure -- Assessing Population Substructure Requires Direct Sampling of EthnicGroups -- The Ceiling Principle: Accounting for Population Substructure -- DETERMINING ALLELE FREQUENCIES IN A POPULATION DATABANK -- IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG RELATIVES -- IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED POWER OF DNA TYPING COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONALSEROLOGY -- LABORATORY ERROR RATES -- TOWARD A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION -- Population Studies to Set Ceiling Frequencies -- Reporting of Statistical Results -- Openness of Population Databanks -- Reporting of Laboratory Error Rates -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Ensuring High Standards -- DEFINING THE PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE -- POTENTIAL METHODS FOR ENSURING QUALITY -- Certification of Individuals -- Laboratory Accreditation -- Licensing of Laboratories -- Funding Contingent On Adherence to Standards -- QUALITY ASSURANCE IN RELATED FIELDS -- INITIAL EFFORTS TOWARD ESTABLISHING STANDARDS IN FORENSIC DNA TYPING -- A REGULATORY PROGRAM FOR DNA TYPING -- Components of a Suitable Program -- The Role of Professional Organizations -- The Role of Government -- Support for Education, Training, and Research -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Forensic DNA Databanks and Privacy of Information. 327 $aCOMPARISON OF DNA PROFILES AND LATENT FINGERPRINTS -- CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY -- METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION -- COST VERSUS BENEFIT -- WHOSE SAMPLES SHOULD BE INCLUDED? -- Samples from Convicted Offenders -- Samples from Suspects -- Samples from Victims -- Samples from Missing Persons and Unidentified Bodies -- Crime-Scene Samples from Unidentified Persons -- Samples from Members of the General Population -- Samples from Anonymous Persons for Population Genetics -- SAMPLE STORAGE -- INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED AND MAINTAINED IN A DATABANK -- RULES ON ACCESSIBILITY -- STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATABANK MATCHES -- STATUS OF DATABANK DEVELOPMENT -- State Level -- Federal Level -- MODEL COOPERATIVE INFORMATION RESOURCE -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Use of DNA Information in the Legal System -- ADMISSIBILITY -- The Frye Test -- Admissibility According to the Helpfulness Standard -- Cases on Admissibility of DNA Evidence Under the Federal Rules -- Recent Appellate Opinions -- Admissibility Statutes -- DNA DATABANKS ON CONVICTED FELONS: LEGAL ASPECTS -- ASSESSING THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE BASED ON RESULTS OF FURTHERADVANCES IN DNA TECHNOLOGY -- SUGGESTIONS FOR USE OF DNA EVIDENCE -- DNA EVIDENCE AND THE VARIOUS PARTIES IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM -- The Jury -- The Prosecutor -- The Defense -- TESTING LABORATORIES -- PROTECTIVE ORDERS -- AVAILABILITY AND COST OF EXPERTS -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES -- 7 DNA Typing and Society -- ECONOMIC ASPECTS -- ETHICAL ASPECTS -- Moral Rights -- Nonmonetary Costs and Benefits -- ABUSE AND MISUSE OF DNA INFORMATION -- EXPECTATIONS -- ACCOUNTABILITY AND PUBLIC SCRUTINY -- INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Organizational Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Biographical Information on Committee Members -- Participants -- Index. 330 $aMatching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addreses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-- The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence --provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students. 606 $aForensic genetics$vCongresses 606 $aDNA fingerprinting$vCongresses 615 0$aForensic genetics 615 0$aDNA fingerprinting 676 $a614/.1 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910957262703321 996 $aDNA technology in forensic science$94361328 997 $aUNINA