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Clarke 210 $aNew Brunswick, N.J. $cRutgers University Press$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (248 p.) 225 1 $aGenocide, political violence, human rights series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8135-5276-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tCONTENTS -- $tPREFACE -- $tACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- $t1. Introduction -- $t2. Cultivating a Torture Culture -- $t3. From Eichmann and Carlos ?the Jackal? to Reagan and Clinton -- $t4. Significant U.S. Renditions to Torture -- $t5. State Secrets Privilege Trumps Justice: Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan -- $t6 .The Illegality of the Iraq War and How Rendition Sparked It -- $t7. European and Canadian Complicity in Rendition and Torture -- $tNotes -- $tIndex 330 $aUniversally condemned and everywhere illegal, torture goes on in democracies as well as in dictatorships. Nonetheless, many Americans were surprised following the attacks of 9/11 at how easily the United States embraced torture as well as the supposedly lesser evil of cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. Nothing seemed extreme when it came to questioning real and imagined terrorists. Extraordinary rendition?sending people captured in the ?war on terror? to nations long counted among the world?s worst human rights violators?hid from the public eye cruel and bloody interrogations. ?Torture lite? or ?torture without marks? became the norm for those in American custody. In Rendition to Torture, Alan W. Clarke explains how the United States adopted torture as a matter of official policy; how and why it turned to extraordinary rendition as a way to outsource more extreme, mutilating forms of torture; and outlines the steps the United States took to hide its abuses. Many adverse consequences attended American use of torture. False information gleaned from torture was used to justify the Iraq war, adding potency to the charge that the war was illegal under international law. Moreover, European nations and Canada aided, abetted, and became thoroughly enmeshed in U.S.-led torture and renditions, thereby spreading both the problem and the blame for this practice. Clarke offers an extended critique of these activities, placing them in historical and legal context as well as in transnational and comparative perspective. 410 0$aGenocide, political violence, human rights series. 606 $aExtraordinary rendition$zUnited States 606 $aTorture$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aDetention of persons$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aDeportation$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aFalse imprisonment$zUnited States 606 $aNational security$zUnited States 606 $aExtraordinary rendition 606 $aTorture 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aExtraordinary rendition 615 0$aTorture$xGovernment policy 615 0$aDetention of persons$xGovernment policy 615 0$aDeportation$xGovernment policy 615 0$aFalse imprisonment 615 0$aNational security 615 0$aExtraordinary rendition. 615 0$aTorture. 676 $a342.7308/2 700 $aClarke$b Alan W$g(Alan William)$01055405 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910461197503321 996 $aRendition to torture$92488773 997 $aUNINA