LEADER 05254nam 2200637 450 001 9910460028203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-12-801965-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000283086 035 $a(EBL)1864165 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001412050 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11763405 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001412050 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11406475 035 $a(PQKB)10876287 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1864165 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780128019511 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1864165 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10990517 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL785255 035 $a(OCoLC)896794331 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000283086 100 $a20141212h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aInequality, democracy and growth in Brazil $ea country at the crossroads of economic development /$fMarcos Mendes 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aLondon, England :$cElsevier :$cAP,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (281 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-801951-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts 327 $a1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade 327 $a1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall? 327 $a2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public Credit 327 $aBndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact 327 $a4.6 . Conclusions 330 $aIn terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos Jose? Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic 606 $aEquality$zBrazil 607 $aBrazil$xEconomic conditions$y1985- 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEquality 676 $a306.20981 700 $aMendes$b Marcos$0973174 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910460028203321 996 $aInequality, democracy and growth in Brazil$92214113 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01341nam 2200349Ia 450 001 996390183003316 005 20221108074804.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000651569 035 $a(EEBO)2240863515 035 $a(UnM)99899260 035 $a(UnM)9928514600971 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000651569 100 $a19920421d1670 uy | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||a|bb| 200 14$aThe advice of Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany, and King of Spain, to his son Philip the Second$b[electronic resource] $eupon his resignation of the crown of Spain to his said son 210 $aLondon $cprinted for H. 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