LEADER 02710nam 2200637 450 001 9910485584703321 005 20220419000306.0 010 $a3-653-04801-X 010 $a3-631-70436-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000001087258 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4818652 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/70825 035 $a(PPN)229141021 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001087258 100 $a20170316h20172017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aThrough the back door $ethe black market in Poland, 1944-1989 /$fJerzy Kochanowski 210 $aBern$cPeter Lang International Academic Publishing Group$d2017 210 1$aFrankfurt am Main, [Germany] :$cPeter Lang Edition,$d2017. 210 4$d©2017 215 $a1 online resource (438 pages) 225 0 $aStudies in Contemporary History,$x2364-2874 ;$vVolume 5 311 $a3-631-65585-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 $aThis book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc. 606 $aBlack market$zPoland$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aScarcity$zPoland$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aPoland$xEconomic conditions$y1981-1990 607 $aPoland$xEconomic conditions$y1945-1981 607 $aPoland$xSocial conditions$y1945- 610 $a1944?1989 610 $aBlack 610 $aBlack market 610 $aDoor 610 $aHard currencies 610 $aIllegal economy 610 $aKochanowski 610 $aMarket 610 $aMeat 610 $aMoonshine 610 $aPoland 615 0$aBlack market$xHistory 615 0$aScarcity$xHistory 676 $a381 700 $aKochanowski$b Jerzy$0974088 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910485584703321 996 $aThrough the back door$92217406 997 $aUNINA LEADER 00999nam0 22002651i 450 001 UON00276866 005 20231205103819.931 100 $a20060511d1971 |0itac50 ba 101 $agre 102 $aGR 105 $a|||| 1|||| 200 1 $aProcheiron nomon$eì exabiblios$fKonstantinou Armenopoulou$gepim. Konstantinos G. Pitsakes 210 $aAthena$cDodone$d1971 215 $a424 p.$d22 cm. 620 $aGR$dAtene$3UONL000203 676 $a880.2$cLETTERATURA GRECA - MED. E BIZ.$v21 700 1$aARMENOPOULOS$bKonstantinos$3UONV160531$0691886 702 1$aPITSAKES$bKonstantinos G.$3UONV160532 712 $aDodones$3UONV271101$4650 801 $aIT$bSOL$c20240220$gRICA 899 $aSIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEO$2UONSI 912 $aUON00276866 950 $aSIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEO$dSI GRECO A 1180 $eSI EO 14399 5 1180 996 $aProcheiron nomon$91241692 997 $aUNIOR