LEADER 01535nam 2200421 a 450 001 9910701312003321 005 20120229101338.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002417952 035 $a(OCoLC)778677261 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002417952 100 $a20120229d2011 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe story of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory$b[electronic resource] $ea remarkable first 100 years of tracking eruptions and earthquakes /$fby Janet L. Babb, James P. Kauahikaua and Robert I. Tilling 210 1$aReston, Va. :$cU.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,$d2011. 215 $a1 online resource (vi, 60 pages) $ccolor illustrations, color maps 225 1 $aGeneral information product ;$v135 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed on Feb. 29, 2012). 517 $aStory of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory 606 $aVolcanoes$zHawaii 606 $aVolcanic activity prediction$zHawaii 606 $aEarthquakes$zHawaii 615 0$aVolcanoes 615 0$aVolcanic activity prediction 615 0$aEarthquakes 700 $aBabb$b Janet L$01403525 701 $aKauahikaua$b James P$01403526 701 $aTilling$b Robert I$052698 712 02$aGeological Survey (U.S.) 801 0$bGPO 801 1$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910701312003321 996 $aThe story of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory$93476414 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04706oam 22012734 450 001 9910788224503321 005 20170815101952.0 010 $a1-4623-1439-2 010 $a9786612844300 010 $a1-4518-7376-X 010 $a1-282-84430-X 010 $a1-4527-1070-8 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055375 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000942105 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11505489 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000942105 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10971990 035 $a(PQKB)11411962 035 $a(OCoLC)694141005 035 $a(NBER)w15452 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608855 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009229 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055375 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMacro-Hedging for Commodity Exporters /$fEduardo Borensztein, Damiano Sandri, Olivier Jeanne 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a29 p. $cill 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $a"October 2009." 311 $a1-4519-1794-5 330 3 $aThis paper uses a dynamic optimization model to estimate the welfare gains of hedging against commodity price risk for commodity-exporting countries. The introduction of hedging instruments such as futures and options enhances domestic welfare through two channels. First, by reducing export income volatility and allowing for a smoother consumption path. Second, by reducing the country's need to hold foreign assets as precautionary savings (or by improving the country's ability to borrow against future export income). 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