LEADER 00723cam0 22002411 450 001 SOBE00025936 005 20150428090822.0 100 $a20120605d1971 |||||ita|0103 ba 101 $aeng 102 $aGB 200 1 $aAnimal Farm$ea Fairy Story$fGeorge Orwell 210 $aLondon$cSecker & Warburg$d1971 215 $a104 p.$d21 cm 700 1$aOrwell$b, George$3AF00013462$4070$0152685 801 0$aIT$bUNISOB$c20150428$gRICA 850 $aUNISOB 852 $aUNISOB$j820$m15665 912 $aSOBE00025936 940 $aM 102 Monografia moderna SBN 941 $aM 957 $a820$b000618$gSI$d15665$1rovito$2UNISOB$3UNISOB$420120605080357.0$520120605080414.0$6rovito 996 $aAnimal farm$924327 997 $aUNISOB LEADER 09580nam 2200685 a 450 001 9911147288903321 005 20251116141759.0 010 $a9786610212019 010 $a9781280212017 010 $a1280212012 010 $a9780309596114 010 $a0309596114 010 $a9780585085296 010 $a0585085293 035 $a(CKB)111004366659560 035 $a(OCoLC)43475697 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056816 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000135747 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11146198 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000135747 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10063460 035 $a(PQKB)11534032 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376542 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376542 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056816 035 $a(OCoLC)923264592 035 $a(Perlego)4739995 035 $a(BIP)389513 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366659560 100 $a19901017g19919999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe decade of discovery in astronomy and astrophysics /$fAstronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1991 215 $a1 online resource (220 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309043816 311 08$a0309043816 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aThe Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE DECADE OF DISCOVERY -- RESTORING THE INFRASTRUCTURE -- ACHIEVING A BALANCED SPACE PROGRAM -- THE PRIORITIZED INSTRUMENTAL PROGRAM -- Large Programs -- Small and Moderate Programs -- Space-based Programs -- Ground-based Programs -- THEORY AND COMPUTERS -- LUNAR ASTRONOMY -- ASTRONOMY AND SOCIETY -- 1 Recommendations -- INTRODUCTION -- Our Place in the Universe -- Discoveries of the 1980s -- The 1990s: The Decade of Discovery -- PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY -- Charge to the Committee -- Contents of This Report -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING GROUND-BASED INFRASTRUCTURE -- ACHIEVING A BALANCED SPACE PROGRAM -- Overall Strategy -- Significance of Large Space Observatories -- RECOMMENDED NEW EQUIPMENT INITIATIVES -- Ground and Space Initiatives -- The Combined Equipment List -- Small Projects and Technological Initiatives -- Explanation of New Equipment Initiatives -- Large Programs -- Ground-based Astronomy -- Infrared-Optimized 8-m Telescope. -- Millimeter Array. -- Southern 8-m Telescope. -- Space-based Astronomy -- SIRTF. -- Moderate Programs -- Ground-based Projects -- Adaptive Optics and Interferometry. -- 4-m Telescopes. -- Fly's Eye. -- Large Earth-based Solar Telescope. -- VLA Extension. -- Space-based Projects -- Dedicated Spacecraft for FUSE. -- SOFIA. -- Explorers. -- Astrometric Interferometry Mission. -- International Collaborations. -- Small Programs -- Ground-based Projects -- Two-Micron Survey. -- Infrared Instrumentation. -- Cosmic Background Imager. -- Laboratory Astrophysics. -- Other Programs. -- Space-based Projects -- Small Explorers. -- Other Projects. -- Technology Development -- Ground-based Technology -- Space-based Technology -- 2 Science Opportunities -- INTRODUCTION. 327 $aOUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE SEARCH FOR OTHER PLANETS -- The Formation and Evolution of Our Solar System -- The Search for Other Planets -- Comets and the Origins of Life -- Weather and Volcanoes -- THE LIFE HISTORY OF STARS -- The Sun -- The Formation of Stars -- The Life and Death of Stars -- THE LIFE HISTORY OF GALAXIES -- The Milky Way as a Galaxy -- The Evolution of Galaxies -- The Power Source of Quasars and Active Galaxies -- The Birth of Galaxies -- THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE -- The Big Bang Model -- The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe -- Dark Matter -- The Origin of the Universe -- The End of the Universe -- 3 Existing Programs -- INTRODUCTION -- GROUND-BASED ASTRONOMY -- Optical and Infrared Astronomy -- Large Mirrors -- Adaptive Optics and Interferometry -- Radio Astronomy -- Centimeter Wavelength Astronomy -- Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelength Astronomy -- Planetary Astronomy -- Solar Astronomy -- The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence -- SPACE ASTRONOMY -- The Great Observatories -- Hubble Space Telescope -- Gamma Ray Observatory -- Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility -- The Explorer Program -- The Suborbital Program -- International Collaborations -- Shuttle Payloads -- Technology Development -- THEORETICAL AND LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS -- PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS -- 4 New Initiatives -- INTRODUCTION -- THE DECADE OF THE INFRARED -- HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION -- The Millimeter Array -- Adaptive Optics -- Optical and Infrared Interferometers -- Astrometric Interferometry Mission -- Large Earth-based Solar Telescope -- VLA Extension -- CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE TELESCOPES -- A Southern 8-m Telescope -- Construction and Support of 4-m Telescopes -- THE INFORMATION EXPLOSION -- OTHER INITIATIVES -- Dedicated Spacecraft for Fuse -- Acceleration of the Explorer Program -- Fly's Eye Telescope -- 5 Astronomy and the Computer Revolution. 327 $aINTRODUCTION -- A HIERARCHY OF COMPUTING POWER -- DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING -- DATA REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS -- ARCHIVING -- COMPUTERS AND THEORETICAL ASTROPHYSICS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Archiving -- Workstations and Hierarchical Computing -- Networks -- Community Code Development -- 6 Astronomy from the Moon -- ASTRONOMY AND THE SPACE EXPLORATION INITIATIVE -- THE MOON AS AN OBSERVATORY SITE -- Physical Characteristics -- A Human Presence -- SCIENCE FROM A LUNAR OBSERVATORY -- Observations with Single Telescopes -- Interferometry at Visible and Near-infrared Wavelengths -- Interferometry at Submillimeter Wavelengths -- Radio Observations -- High-Energy Astrophysics -- AN EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAM OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT -- SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES -- THE IMPACT OF THE LUNAR PROGRAM -- WHERE SHOULD THE PROGRAM BE IN 10 YEARS? -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Policy Opportunities -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PREVIOUS DECADE -- EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVE -- REVIVING GROUND-BASED ASTRONOMY -- BALANCED SPACE ASTROPHYSICS PROGRAM -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION -- 8 Astronomy as a National Asset -- OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE -- ASTRONOMY AND AMERICA'S SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP -- Public Scientific Literacy -- Training of Professional Scientists -- SYNERGISM WITH OTHER SCIENCES -- High-Energy and Particle Physics -- Geophysics -- ASTRONOMY AND THE EARTH'S ENVIRONMENT -- An Astronomical Context for the Earth's Environment -- Models of the Earth's Environment -- Astronomy, Weather, and Ozone Depletion -- USES OF ASTRONOMICAL TECHNIQUES OUTSIDE ASTRONOMY -- Medicine -- Industry -- Defense Technology -- Why They Call It Universal Time -- Energy -- ASTRONOMY AS AN INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE -- 9 References -- Appendices -- Appendix A Glossary -- Astronomical Terms -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Appendix B Status of the Profession. 327 $aThe Demographics of Astronomy -- The Growth of Astronomy -- Astronomy as a Profession -- The Funding of Astronomical Research -- Support from the National Science Foundation -- Support from NASA -- Access to Ground-Based Telescopes -- Optical and Infrared Astronomy -- Radio Astronomy -- Appendix C Contributing Scientists -- Benefits to the Nation from Astronomy and Astrophysics -- Computing and Data Processing -- High Energy from Space -- Infrared Astronomy -- Interferometry -- Optical/IR from Ground -- Particle Astrophysics -- Planetary Astronomy -- Policy Opportunities -- Radio Astronomy -- Science Opportunities -- Solar Astronomy -- Status of the Profession -- Theory and Laboratory Astrophysics -- UV-Optical from Space -- Working Group on Astronomy from the Moon -- Appendix D Members, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources -- Index. 330 $aAstronomers and astrophysicists are making revolutionary advances in our understanding of planets, stars, galaxies, and even the structure of the universe itself. The Decade of Discovery presents a survey of this exciting field of science and offers a prioritized agenda for space- and ground-based research into the twenty-first century. The book presents specific recommendations, programs, and expenditure levels to meet the needs of the astronomy and astrophysics communities. Accessible to the interested lay reader, the book explores: The technological investments needed for instruments that will be built in the next century. The importance of the computer revolution to all aspects of astronomical research. The potential usefulness of the moon as an observatory site. Policy issues relevant to the funding of astronomy and the execution of astronomical projects. The Decade of Discovery will prove valuable to science policymakers, research administrators, scientists, and students in the physical sciences, and interested lay readers. Alternate Selection, Astronomy Book Club 606 $aAstronomy$xResearch 606 $aAstrophysics$xResearch 615 0$aAstronomy$xResearch. 615 0$aAstrophysics$xResearch. 676 $a520/.72 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911147288903321 996 $aThe decade of discovery in astronomy and astrophysics$94873218 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06489nam 22007574a 450 001 9911140974203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786612097102 010 $a9781282097100 010 $a1282097105 010 $a9780262269728 010 $a0262269724 010 $a9781423746782 010 $a1423746783 035 $a(CKB)1000000000456781 035 $a(OCoLC)62872806 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10173559 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000145875 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11157330 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000145875 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10182164 035 $a(PQKB)11527946 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3338505 035 $a(OCoLC)62872806$z(OCoLC)182530230$z(OCoLC)473090772$z(OCoLC)614956154$z(OCoLC)647107633$z(OCoLC)648223456$z(OCoLC)722564254$z(OCoLC)728036917$z(OCoLC)961526296$z(OCoLC)962598283$z(OCoLC)988501436$z(OCoLC)991954711$z(OCoLC)992086139$z(OCoLC)1037434905$z(OCoLC)1037943529$z(OCoLC)1038668703$z(OCoLC)1055319906$z(OCoLC)1081236147$z(OCoLC)1083607797 035 $a(OCoLC-P)62872806 035 $a(MaCbMITP)2701 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3338505 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10173559 035 $a(PPN)170265811 035 $a(FR-PaCSA)88800215 035 $a(FRCYB88800215)88800215 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000456781 100 $a20050427d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEmerging capital markets in turmoil $ebad luck or bad policy /$fGuillermo A. Calvo 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cMIT Press$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (564 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780262033343 311 08$a0262033348 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [531]-532) and index. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I - Early Rumblings -- Introduction to Part I -- 1 Capital Inflows and Real Exchange Rate Appreciation in Latin America: The Role of External Factors - Guillermo A. Calvo, Leonardo Leiderman, and Carmen M. Reinhart -- 2 Capital Inflows to Latin America: The 1970s and 1990s - Guillermo A. Calvo, Leonardo Leiderman, and Carmen M. Reinhart -- Part II The Beast Awakens -- Introduction to Part II -- 3 Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Management: Tequila Lessons - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 4 Petty Crime and Cruel Punishment: Lessons from the Mexican Debacle - Guillermo A. Calvo and Enrique G. Mendoza -- 5 Capital Market Contagionand Recession: An Explanation of the Russian Virus - Guillermo Calvo -- 6 Sudden Stops, the Real Exchange Rate, and Fiscal Sustainability: Argentina'sLessons - Guillermo A. Calvo, AlejandroIzquierdo, and Ernesto Talvi -- Part III In Search of a Theory -- Introduction to Part III -- 7 Varieties of Capital-Market Crises - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 8 Uncertain Duration of Reform: Dynamic Implications - Guillermo A. Calvo and Allan Drazen -- 9 Capital Flows and Capital-Market Crises: The Simple Economics of Sudden Stops - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 10 Rational Contagion and the Globalization of Securities Markets - Guillermo A. Calvo and Enrique G. Mendoza -- 11 Balance-of-Payments Crises in Emerging Markets: Large Capital Inflows and Sovereign Governments - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 12 Contagion in Emerging Markets: When Wall Street Is a Carrier - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 13 Explaining Sudden Stop, Growth Collapse, and BOP Crisis: The Case of Distortionary Output Taxes - Guillermo A. Calvo -- Part IV The Exchange Rate and All That -- Introduction to Part IV -- 14 Fixing for Your Life - Guillermo A. Calvo and Carmen M. Reinhart. 327 $a15 Capital Markets and the Exchange Rate with Special Reference to the Dollarization Debate in Latin America - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 16 Fear of Floating - Guillermo A. Calvo and Carmen M. Reinhart -- Part V Parting Shots -- 18 Globalization Hazard and Delayed Reform in Emerging Markets - Guillermo A. Calvo -- 19 Sudden Stop, Contractionary Devaluation, and TimeInconsistency - Guillermo A. Calvo -- Sources -- Index. 330 $aAnalysis of financial crises in emerging market economies, including Mexico, Argentina, and Russia; traces the evolution of crisis theory and challenges the conventional wisdom.Since the mid-1990s, emerging market economies have been hit by dramatic highs and lows: lifted by large capital inflows, then plunged into chaos by constrained credit and out-of-control exchange rates. The conventional wisdom about such crises is strongly influenced by the experience of advanced economies. In Emerging Capital Markets in Turmoil, Guillermo Calvo examines these issues instead from the perspective of emerging market economies themselves, taking into account the limitations and vulnerabilities these economies confront. A succession of crises--Mexico in 1994-5, East Asia in 1997, Russia in 1998, and Argentina in 2001--prompted an urgent search in economic policy circles for cogent explanations. Calvo begins by laying the groundwork for a new approach to these issues. In the theoretical chapters that follow, he argues that financial crisis theory regarding emerging markets has progressed from focusing on such variables as fiscal deficits, debt sustainability, and real currency devaluation to stressing the role of the financial sector--emphasizing stocks rather than flows as well as the role credibility plays in containing financial crises. He then returns to a more empirical analysis and focuses on exchange-rate issues, considering the advantages and disadvantages of flexible exchange rates for emerging market economies. Coming after a decade of ongoing crises, Calvo's timely reassessment of the importance of external factors in making emerging market economies safer from financial turmoil offers important policy lessons for dealing with inevitable future episodes of financial crises. 606 $aFinancial crises 606 $aCapital market 606 $aFinancial crises$zDeveloping countries 606 $aCapital market$zDeveloping countries 615 0$aFinancial crises. 615 0$aCapital market. 615 0$aFinancial crises 615 0$aCapital market 676 $a332/.09172/4 700 $aCalvo$b Guillermo A$0238996 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911140974203321 996 $aEmerging capital markets in turmoil$94848668 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05276nam 2200829Ia 450 001 9911131752603321 005 20260415135740.0 010 $a9781283856485 010 $a1283856484 010 $a9783110229127 010 $a3110229129 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110229127 035 $a(CKB)2550000000711068 035 $a(EBL)893094 035 $a(OCoLC)822018789 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000818537 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12370166 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000818537 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10843128 035 $a(PQKB)10491439 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC893094 035 $a(DE-B1597)39068 035 $a(OCoLC)840439311 035 $a(OCoLC)961572799 035 $a(OCoLC)999354474 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110229127 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL893094 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10634568 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL416898 035 $a(Perlego)652109 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000711068 100 $a20120904d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aDialectological and folk dialectological concepts of space $ecurrent methods and perspectives in sociolinguistic research on dialect change /$fedited by Sandra Hansen ... [et al.] 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aBerlin ;$aBoston $cDe Gruyter$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (308 p.) 225 0 $aLinguae & litterae ;$v17 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9783110229110 311 08$a3110229110 311 08$a9783111730554 311 08$a3111730557 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tTable of contents -- $tAcknowledgements -- $tIntroduction / $rHansen, Sandra / Schwarz, Christian / Stoeckle, Philipp / Streck, Tobias -- $tCountering the urbanist agenda in variationist sociolinguistics: dialect contact, demographic change and the rural-urban dichotomy / $rBritain, David -- $tDialectal concepts of space and linguistic variation / $rElmentaler, Michael -- $tDialektalität, Dialektwissen und Hyperdialektalität aus soziolinguistischer Perspektive / $rHansen, Sandra -- $tA perceptual study of ethnicity and geographical location in London and Birmingham / $rTorgersen, Eivind -- $tDer Sprachgebrauch "bei uns" - Arealbildung in Karten des Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache, objektive Grenzen und subjektive Räume / $rMöller, Robert -- $tMaking sense of space - on dialect production and perception at the Finland-Sweden border / $rVaattovaara, Johanna -- $tThe folk linguistic construction of local dialect areas - linguistic and extra-linguistic factors / $rStoeckle, Philipp -- $tMapping the perceptions of non-linguists in Northern England / $rMontgomery, Chris -- $tKonservative vs. innovative Dialektgebiete / $rSchwarz, Christian -- $tDialectometric concepts of space: Towards a variant-based dialectometry / $rPickl, Simon / Rumpf, Jonas -- $tGeography is overrated / $rSzmrecsanyi, Benedikt -- $tDialektareale in Baden-Württemberg / $rStreck, Tobias -- $tThe measurement of Dutch dialect change in the sound components / $rHeeringa, Wilbert / Hinskens, Frans -- $tAppendix: Colour maps 330 $aIn variational linguistics, the concept of space has always been a central issue. However, different research traditions considering space coexisted for a long time separately. Traditional dialectology focused primarily on the diatopic dimension of linguistic variation, whereas in sociolinguistic studies diastratic and diaphasic dimensions were considered. For a long time only very few linguistic investigations tried to combine both research traditions in a two-dimensional design - a desideratum which is meant to be compensated by the contributions of this volume. The articles present findings from empirical studies which take on these different concepts and examine how they relate to one another. Besides dialectological and sociolinguistic concepts also a lay perspective of linguistic space is considered, a paradigm that is often referred to as "folk dialectology". Many of the studies in this volume make use of new computational possibilities of processing and cartographically representing large corpora of linguistic data. The empirical studies incorporate findings from different linguistic communities in Europe and pursue the objective to shed light on the inter-relationship between the different concepts of space and their relevance to variational linguistics. 410 0$alinguae & litterae 606 $aLinguistic change 606 $aDialogue analysis 606 $aSociolinguistics$xResearch 606 $aSpace and time in language 606 $aLanguage and languages$xVariation 606 $aDialectology$xResearch 615 0$aLinguistic change. 615 0$aDialogue analysis. 615 0$aSociolinguistics$xResearch. 615 0$aSpace and time in language. 615 0$aLanguage and languages$xVariation. 615 0$aDialectology$xResearch. 676 $a417.2 686 $aGD 1001$2rvk 701 $aHansen$b Sandra$f1982- 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911131752603321 997 $aUNINA