LEADER 04201nam 2200853Ia 450 001 9911092370303321 005 20251117095414.0 010 $a1-136-45305-9 010 $a1-280-66119-4 010 $a9786613638120 010 $a1-136-45306-7 010 $a0-203-12590-8 010 $a9780203125908 024 7 $a10.4324/9780203125908 035 $a(CKB)2550000000100375 035 $a(EBL)957490 035 $a(OCoLC)798533209 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000677475 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11469825 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000677475 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10694716 035 $a(PQKB)11067861 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC957490 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL957490 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10558561 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL363812 035 $a(OCoLC)793947617 035 $a(FINmELB)ELB134420 035 $a(FlBoTFG)9780203125908 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000100375 100 $a20111013d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEthics and images of pain /$fedited by Asbjrn Grnstad and Henrik Gustafsson 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cRoutledge$d2012 210 1$aNew York :$cRoutledge,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (263 p.) 225 1 $aRoutledge advances in art and visual studies ;$v1 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-138-24330-2 311 08$a0-415-89382-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Ethics and Images of Pain; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; Acknowledgements; Preface; Introduction; PART I: From Voyeurism to Visual Politics; 1. Do Not Look at Y/Our Own Peril: Voyeurism as Ethical Necessity, or To See as a Child Again; 2. Associates in Crime and Guilt; 3. Painful Photographs: From the Ethics of Spectatorship to Visual Politics; PART II: Looking In, Looking Away; 4. The Violence of the Documentary Image: Errol Morris's Standard Operating Procedure 327 $a5. Visual Irruptions, Mediated Suffering, and the Robert Dziekanski Tragedy: An Inquiry into the Effi cacy of the Image6. Tuning Out, Turning In, and Walking Off : The Film Spectator in Pain; PART III: Performances; 7. Imaging Pain; 8. The Unsettling Moment: On Mathilde ter Heijne's Suicide Trilogy; 9. Gulag Follies; PART IV: Mimetic and Mnemonic Frames; 10. Imag(in)ing Painful Pasts: Mimetic and Poetic Style in War Films; 11. The Sanctifi ed Fallen: The War Film as Witness; 12. Medical Horror: Visual Documents From the History of Lobotomy; Contributers; Index 330 $aFew phenomena are as formative of our experience of the visual world as displays of suffering. But what does it mean to have an ethical experience of disturbing or traumatizing images? What kind of ethical proposition does an image of pain mobilize? How may the spectator learn from and make use of the painful image as a source of ethical reflection? Engaging with a wide range of visual media--from painting, theatre, and sculpture, to photography, film, and video--this interdisciplinary collection of essays by leading and emerging scholars of visual culture offers a reappraisal of the increasin 410 0$aRoutledge advances in art and visual studies ;$v1. 606 $aArt$xMoral and ethical aspects 606 $aMass media$xMoral and ethical aspects 606 $aPain in art 606 $aPain in mass media 606 $aPain in the performing arts 606 $aPerforming arts$xMoral and ethical aspects 615 0$aArt$xMoral and ethical aspects. 615 0$aMass media$xMoral and ethical aspects. 615 0$aPain in art. 615 0$aPain in mass media. 615 0$aPain in the performing arts. 615 0$aPerforming arts$xMoral and ethical aspects. 676 $a700.453 676 $a700/.453 676 $a701 701 $aGrnstad$b Asbjrn$0800803 701 $aGustafsson$b Henrik$01178688 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911092370303321 996 $aEthics and images of pain$94681961 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03254oam 2200769 c 450 001 9911099227103321 005 20260802090127.0 010 $a9783657760114 010 $a3657760113 024 3 $a9783657760114 035 $a(CKB)5450000000037699 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6539041 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6539041 035 $a(OCoLC)1246580709 035 $a(Brill | Scho?ningh)9783657760114 035 $a(Brill | Schöningh)9783657760114 035 $a(EXLCZ)995450000000037699 100 $a20260802d2021 uy 0 101 0 $ager 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$a1918 - Das Ende des Bismarck-Reichs?$fHolger Afflerbach, Andreas Fahrmeir, Peter Hoeres, Hans-Christof Kraus, Ulrich Lappenküper, Jörn Leonhard, Horst Möller, Walter Mühlhausen, Frank Lorenz Müller, Holger Afflerbach, Ulrich Lappenküper 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aPaderborn$cBrill | Schöningh$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (185 pages) 225 0 $aOtto-von-Bismarck-Stiftung, Wissenschaftliche Reihe$v29 311 08$a9783506760111 311 08$a3506760114 330 $aBesaß Otto von Bismarck unverhandelbare politische Vorstellungen, die das von ihm geschaffene Reich prägten? Und was lebt von seinem politischen Erbe noch in unserem demokratisch verfassten Gemeinwesen fort? Der Band fragt nicht nur danach, welche Ideen und Institutionen Bismarcks das deutsche Kaiserreich möglicherweise überlebten, sondern auch, wieviel vom ursprünglichen Bismarckreich 1918 überhaupt noch übrig war. Geht es in der ersten Sektion um die Rolle Preußens vor und unmittelbar nach 1918, untersucht die zweite die föderale Verfasstheit des Deutschen Reichs und den Zusammenbruch der deutschen Dynastien. Nach der Erörterung der Liberalisierung bzw. Parlamentarisierung des Bismarckreichs und des damit verbundenen politischen Wandels zwischen 1890 und 1918 beleuchtet der letzte Abschnitt Aspekte der nationalen Verfasstheit des Kaiserreichs. 410 0$aOtto-Von-Bismarck-Stiftung, Wissenschaftliche Reihe 606 $aBismarck 606 $aLiberalismus 606 $aMonarchie 606 $a1918 606 $aReichsverfassung 606 $aNationalstaat 606 $aGerman liberalism 606 $aGerman Monarchies 615 4$aBismarck 615 4$aLiberalismus 615 4$aMonarchie 615 4$a1918 615 4$aReichsverfassung 615 4$aNationalstaat 615 4$aGerman liberalism 615 4$aGerman Monarchies 676 $a943.08092 702 $aAfflerbach$b Holger$4ctb 702 $aFahrmeir$b Andreas$4ctb 702 $aHoeres$b Peter$4ctb 702 $aKraus$b Hans-Christof$4ctb 702 $aLappenküper$b Ulrich$4ctb 702 $aLeonhard$b Jörn$4ctb 702 $aMöller$b Horst$4ctb 702 $aMühlhausen$b Walter$4ctb 702 $aMüller$b Frank Lorenz$4ctb 702 $aAfflerbach$b Holger$4edt 702 $aLappenküper$b Ulrich$4edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911099227103321 996 $a1918 - Das Ende des Bismarck-Reichs$94302588 997 $aUNINA LEADER 07784nam 22007331c 450 001 9911147014503321 005 20200115203623.0 010 $a9786612388002 010 $a9781472560469 010 $a1472560469 010 $a9781282388000 010 $a1282388002 010 $a9781847315076 010 $a1847315070 024 7 $a10.5040/9781472560469 035 $a(CKB)1000000000806654 035 $a(EBL)479803 035 $a(OCoLC)507435934 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000335666 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12061745 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000335666 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10277130 035 $a(PQKB)10464835 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1772595 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC479803 035 $a(UtOrBLW)bpp09256074 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL479803 035 $a(UtOrBLW)BP9781472560469BC 035 $a(Perlego)810185 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000806654 100 $a20140929d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe change of position defence $fElise Bant 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aOxford $aPortland, Oregon $cHart Publishing $d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (292 p.) 300 $aOriginally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford, 2008 311 08$a9781841139654 311 08$a1841139653 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index 327 $a1. Introduction and Overview -- A Introduction -- B The Change of Position Defence -- (1) A Core Case -- (2) The Four Main Areas of Doubt -- (a) The Reliance Issue -- (b) The Fault Issue -- (c) The Ambit of Operation Issue -- (d) The Rationale Issue -- C Underlying Assumptions -- (1) Introduction -- (2) The Nature of Unjust Enrichment -- (3) Restitution and Unjust Enrichment -- (4) A Fusionist Approach -- D Methodology and Overview -- (1) Introduction -- (2) Part One-Foundations -- (3) Part Two-Definition -- (4) Part Three-Ramifications -- Part One: Foundations -- 2. Lessons from Estoppel by Representation -- A Introduction -- B Elements of Estoppel by Representation -- (1) Representation -- (2) Reliance -- (a) The Meaning of Reliance -- (b) The Role of Reliance as a Causal Requirement -- (c) The Applicable Test of Causation -- (d) Proving Reliance -- (e) A Residual, Evidential Role for the 'But For' Test. -- (f) The Normative Significance of Reliance -- (g) Lessons for the Change of Position Defence -- (3) The 'Reasonableness' Requirement -- (a) The Defendant's Reliance must be Reasonable -- (b) The Standard of Reasonableness and its Relationship to Good Faith -- (c) The Function of the Reasonableness Requirement -- (d) Lessons for the Change of Position Defence -- (4) Detriment -- (a) The Meaning of Detriment -- (b) The Time for Assessing the Detrimental Change of Position -- (c) Detrimental Changes of Position include Omissions and Non-pecuniary Changes -- (d) The Change of Position must be Irreversible -- (e) Lessons for the Change of Position Defence -- C Bars to the Defence -- (1) Defendant at Fault in Inducing the Representation -- (2) Defendant in Breach of Duty -- (3) Illegality -- D Conclusion -- 3. Lessons from the Defence of Payment Over by an Agent -- A Introduction -- B The Requirement of Payment Over -- C Notice -- D Bars to the Defence -- E Conclusion -- 4. Lessons from Rescission -- A Introduction -- B Restitutio in Integrum -- (1) Rescission and the Requirement of Restitutio in Integrum -- (2) The Requirement of Counter-restitution -- (a) Rationale -- (b) Elements and Operation -- (c) Application of the Two Claims Approach to Rescission Cases -- (3) The Defendant's Changes of Position -- (a) Change by Exchange -- (b) Independent Changes in the Received Benefit -- (c) Defendant-instigated Changes of Position -- (4) The Claimant's Changes of Position -- (a) Independent Changes in the Received Benefit -- (b) Claimant-instigated Changes of Position -- (c) An Irreconcilable Tension? -- C Conclusion -- (1) Rationale -- (2) Elements -- (3) Ambit of Operation -- Part Two: Definition -- 5. Primary Elements -- A Introduction -- B Elements -- (1) A Detrimental Change of Position -- (a) Detriment as 'Disenrichment' -- (b) Detriment as 'Irreversibility' -- (c) The Irreversibility Approach is to be Preferred -- (d) Proving the Irreversible Change of Position -- (2) Causation -- (a) Introduction -- (b) But-for Causation in Cases of Independent Changes of Position -- (c) Good Faith in Cases of Independent Changes of Position -- (d) Reliance in Cases of Defendant-instigated Changes of Position -- (e) Reliance must be Reasonable -- (f) Anticipatory Changes of Position -- (g) Proving Causation -- (3) The Impact of Third Parties -- C Conclusion -- 6. Fault as a Bar to the Defence -- A Introduction -- B Wrongdoers -- C Duress and Undue Influence -- D The Innocent Inducer -- E Illegality and Legal Stultification -- F Fault in the Defendant's Change of Position -- G Conclusion -- 7. Ambit of Operation -- A Introduction -- B Application to Claims in Unjust Enrichment -- (1) Mistake -- (2) Duress and Undue Influence -- (3) Failure of Consideration -- (4) No Intention to Benefit -- (5) Policy-motivated Unjust Factors -- (6) Cases of Proprietary Restitution -- C Application to Claims outside Unjust Enrichment -- D Conclusion -- 8. Rationale -- A Introduction -- B Disenrichment -- C Autonomy -- D Security of Receipt -- E A Harm-based Rationale -- F A Mixed Rationale of Protection and Prophylaxis -- G Conclusion -- 9. Conclusion -- Part Three: Ramifications -- 10. Ramifications -- A Introduction -- B Estoppel by Representation -- C Payment Over and Ministerial Receipt -- D Restitutio in Integrum -- E Good Consideration -- F Bona Fide Purchase -- G Statutory Change of Position Defences -- H Conclusion 330 8 $aThis book defines and explains the operation of the defence of change of position in Anglo-Australian law. It is a widely accepted view that the defence is a modern development, the first express recognition of which can be traced in England to the seminal decision of the House of Lords in Lipkin Gorman (a firm) v Karpnale Ltd. Commentators have accordingly tended to focus on post-Lipkin case law in discussing the defence and its many disputed features. This work takes a different stance, arguing that the defence is best understood by placing it within its broader historical and legal context. It explains that the foundations of the defence can be found in the related doctrines of estoppel by representation, the agent's defence of payment over and the law of rescission. The analysis applies crucial insights from those areas, together with the change of position authorities and broader considerations of policy and principle, to develop a rigorous model of the change of position defence. The work not only provides a clear and exhaustive examination of the defence, but demonstrates that, properly understood, the defence operates in a rational and justifiable manner within its broader private law context. In so doing, its analysis meets the oft-expressed concern than the defence may operate in an unprincipled way or by reference to 'that vague jurisprudence which is sometimes attractively styled "justice as between man and man"' 606 $aUnjust enrichment 606 $2Contract law 606 $aRestitution 606 $aEstoppel 606 $aMistake (Law) 615 0$aUnjust enrichment. 615 0$aRestitution. 615 0$aEstoppel. 615 0$aMistake (Law) 676 $a340.2 676 $a346.029 700 $aBant$b Elise 801 0$bUtOrBLW 801 1$bUtOrBLW 801 2$bUkLoBP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911147014503321 997 $aUNINA