LEADER 07932oam 2200769Ka 450 001 9911140552603321 005 20251117075922.0 010 $a0-262-30282-9 010 $a0-262-28935-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000132985 035 $a(OCoLC)763135270 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10521951 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000580741 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11385066 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000580741 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10606651 035 $a(PQKB)10233052 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000130790 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3339359 035 $a(CaBNVSL)mat06267480 035 $a(IDAMS)0b000064818b44d2 035 $a(IEEE)6267480 035 $a(OCoLC)763135270$z(OCoLC)792935035$z(OCoLC)827009800$z(OCoLC)848227941$z(OCoLC)958088008$z(OCoLC)960900688$z(OCoLC)961504766$z(OCoLC)962614144$z(OCoLC)965423680$z(OCoLC)966228577$z(OCoLC)988445128$z(OCoLC)992077567$z(OCoLC)1037527602$z(OCoLC)1037903943$z(OCoLC)1038582036$z(OCoLC)1055359518$z(OCoLC)1066418191$z(OCoLC)1077246261$z(OCoLC)1081245951$z(OCoLC)1083554484 035 $a(OCoLC-P)763135270 035 $a(MaCbMITP)8033 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3339359 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10521951 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000132985 100 $a20111127d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe computer boys take over $ecomputers, programmers, and the politics of technical expertise /$fNathan Ensmenger 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cMIT Press$dİ2010 215 $a1 online resource (331 p.) 225 1 $aHistory of computing 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-262-51796-5 311 08$a0-262-05093-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- The Computer People -- A Brief History of Programming -- The "Labor Crisis" in Programming -- A Crisis in Programmer Management -- Computing as a Human Activity -- Chapter 2. The Black Art of Programming -- An Unexpected Revolution -- The Origins of Computer Programming -- " Glorifi ed Clerical Workers " -- The Art of Programming -- Building Castles in the Air -- Chapter 3. Chess Players, Music Lovers, and Mathematicians -- In Search of "Clever Fellows" -- The Persistent Personnel Problem -- Wayne State Conference -- Aptitude Tests and Psychological Profi les -- IBM PAT -- Personality Profi les -- The Situation Can Only Get Worse -- Making Programming Masculine -- The Search for Solutions -- Chapter 4. Tower of Babel -- Automatic Programmers -- Assemblers, Compilers, and the Origins of the Subroutine -- FORTRAN -- COBOL -- ALGOL, Pascal, ADA, and Beyond -- No Silver Bullet -- Chapter 5. The Rise of Computer Science -- The Humble Programmer -- Comptologist, Turingeer, or Applied Epistomologist? -- Computer Bureaus and Computing Laboratories -- Trading Zones -- Is Computer Science Science? -- Fundamental Algorithms -- "Cute Programming Tricks" -- Science as Professional Identity -- Chapter 6. The Cosa Nostra of the Data Processing Industry -- Unsettling the Desk Set -- Computers Can't Solve Everything -- Seat-of-the-Pants Management -- Management, Information, and Systems -- A New Theocracy-or Industrial Carpetbaggers? -- The Revolt of the Managers -- The Road to Garmisch -- Chapter 7. The Professionalization of Programming -- The Certified Public Programmer -- The Association for Computing Machinery -- The Data Processing Management Association -- Professional Societies or Technician Associations? -- The Limits of Professionalism -- Chapter 8. Engineering a Solution. 327 $aIndustrializing Software Development -- Aristocracy, Democracy, and Systems Design -- Armies of Programmers -- Superprogrammer to the Rescue -- Computer Programming as a Human Activity -- From Exhilaration to Disillusionment -- Chapter 9. Conclusions -- Software's Chronic Crisis -- Drawing Boundaries/Construction Disciplines -- Visible Technicians -- Where Did All the Women Go? -- From Crisis to Opportunity -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $a"This book provides the most holistic approach to the history of the development of programming and computer systems so far written. By embedding this history in a sociological and political context, Ensmenger has added hugely to our understanding of how the world of computing and its work practices came to be." Martin Campbell-Kelly, Professor of Computer Science, Warwick University. 330 $a"The Computer Boys Take Over shows how computer programmers struggled for professional legitimacy and organizational recognition from the early days of ENIAC through the $300 billion Y2K crisis. Ensmenger's descriptions of ?computer science' and ?software engineering, ' as well as his portraits of Maurice Wilkes, Alan Turing, John Backus, Edsger Dijkstra, Fred Brooks, and other pioneers, give a compelling introduction to the field." Thomas J. Misa, Director of the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. 330 $a"The Computer Boys Take Over rewrites the history of computing by recounting the development of software in terms of labor, gender, and professionalization. Ensmenger meets the long-standing challenge to reform computer history by employing themes of vital interest to the general history of science and technology." Ronald Kline, Bovay Professor in History and Ethics of Engineering, Cornell University. 330 $aLike all great social and technological developments, the "computer revolution" of the twentieth century didn't just happen. People-not impersonal processes-made it happen. In The Computer Boys Take Over, Nathan Ensmenger describes the emergence of the technical specialists-computer programmers, systems analysts, and data processing managers-who helped transform the electronic digital computer from a scientific curiosity into the most powerful and ubiquitous technology of the modern era. They did so not as inventors from the traditional mold, but as the developers of the "software" (broadly defined to include programs, procedures, and practices) that integrated the novel technology of electronic computing into existing social, political, and technological networks. As mediators between the technical system (the computer) and its social environment (existing structures and practices), these specialists became a focus for opposition to the use of new information technologies. To many of their contemporaries, it seemed the "computer boys" were taking over, not just in the corporate setting, but also in government, politics, and society in general. 330 $aEnsmenger follows the rise of the computer boys as they struggled to establish a role for themselves within traditional organizational, professional, and academic hierarchies. He describes the tensions that emerged between the craft-centered practices of vocational programmers, the increasingly theoretical agenda of academic computer science, and the desire of corporate managers to control and routinize the process of software development. In doing so, he provides a human perspective on what is too often treated as a purely technological phenomenon. --Book Jacket. 410 0$aHistory of computing 606 $aComputer programming 606 $aComputer programmers 606 $aSoftware engineering$xHistory 606 $aComputer software$xDevelopment$xSocial aspects 615 0$aComputer programming. 615 0$aComputer programmers. 615 0$aSoftware engineering$xHistory. 615 0$aComputer software$xDevelopment$xSocial aspects. 676 $a005.1 700 $aEnsmenger$b Nathan$f1972- 801 0$bOCoLC-P 801 1$bOCoLC-P 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911140552603321 997 $aUNINA 999 $p$47.50$u12/21/2019$5Bus