LEADER 05076oam 22005774a 450 001 9911046695403321 005 20210111184048.0 010 $a1-4214-2378-2 035 $a(CKB)4340000000188740 035 $a(OCoLC)1006727974 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse60493 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4862731 035 $a(EXLCZ)994340000000188740 100 $a20170629d2017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aEmergent Strategy and Grand Strategy$eHow American Presidents Succeed in Foreign Policy /$fIonut Popescu 210 1$aBaltimore :$cJohns Hopkins University Press,$d2017. 210 3$aBaltimore, Md. :$cProject MUSE, $d2018 210 4$dİ2017. 215 $a1 online resource 311 $a1-4214-2377-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 $a"Ionut Popescu explores how successful American grand strategy comes about. For most experts in the academic world of political science and in the Washington policymaking community, the answer lies in the design and implementation of a farsighted strategic plan or framework. The role of such a Grand Design is to guide the president's foreign policy actions and resource allocation decisions in the pursuit of specific long-term objectives. The alternative to following a Grand Design is usually said to consist of ad-hoc, incoherent, and ultimately unsuccessful foreign policy decision-making. But what if successful grand strategies are sometimes formed through an emergent process of learning and adaptation, instead of being the product of strategic planning and farsighted designs? Popescu argues that the Emergent Strategy model, adapted from the business strategy literature, explains some of the traditional success stories and failures of American grand strategy better than the prevalent Grand Design model. These findings suggest the need to shift the focus of policymakers away from planning for long-term objectives and toward short- and medium-term incremental learning and adaptation. Based on this new theoretical understanding of successful grand strategy being formed by either Design or Emergent elements depending on the circumstances, the book also offers a framework to help policymakers and strategic planners choose the right model and tools based on the level of uncertainty they face in the external environment"--$cProvided by publisher. 330 $a"Is following a coherent grand strategy the key to achieving successful outcomes in American foreign policy? For many experts in academia and Washington, the answer is yes. Policymakers usually face criticism when they take incremental actions based on short-term considerations. But could such actions actually converge into a successful emergent strategy over time? Ionut Popescu conclusively shows that in some cases an emergent learning model leads to better overall strategic performance than a long-term strategic plan or framework. Popescu argues that it is time to rethink the origins of some of the most important successes and failures of America's tenure as a global superpower after World War II. Presenting empirical data culled from archival research and interviews with higher-ups, Popescu covers eight US presidential administrations, ranging from Truman to Obama, to demonstrate that senior policymakers should be skeptical of the idea that formulating and implementing a long-term grand strategy is the road to a successful foreign policy legacy. Instead, the book asserts, leaders should prioritize learning from the almost unavoidable mistakes they will make early in their careers and adapting their plans to unanticipated events and changes in the international environment. Emergent Strategy and Grand Strategy thus offers both scholars and practitioners of foreign policy an original theoretical framework to explain strategic success"--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aHISTORY / United States / General$2bisacsh 606 $aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions$2bisacsh 606 $aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / General$2bisacsh 606 $aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General$2bisacsh 606 $aStrategic planning$zUnited States 606 $aPresidents$zUnited States$xDecision making 607 $aUnited States$xForeign relations$xDecision making 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aHISTORY / United States / General. 615 0$aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions. 615 0$aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / General. 615 0$aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General. 615 0$aStrategic planning 615 0$aPresidents$xDecision making. 676 $a327.73 686 $aPOL011000$aPOL040000$aPOL022000$aHIS036000$2bisacsh 700 $aPopescu$b Ionut C.$01140722 801 0$bMdBmJHUP 801 1$bMdBmJHUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911046695403321 996 $aEmergent Strategy and Grand Strategy$94472222 997 $aUNINA