LEADER 00798nam0-2200289---450- 001 990009337580403321 005 20110406110557.0 010 $a978-3-406-60593-2 035 $a000933758 035 $aFED01000933758 035 $a(Aleph)000933758FED01 035 $a000933758 100 $a20110404d2010----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $ager 102 $aDE 105 $aa-------001yy 200 1 $aAugustus$eAufrührer, Herrscher, Heiland$eeine Biographie$fWerner Dahlheim 210 $aMünchen$cBeck$d2010 215 $a447 p.$cill.$d22 cm 700 1$aDahlheim,$bWerner$f<1938- >$0286253 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990009337580403321 952 $aDDR- FdR SPA 004$b11121 ddr$fDDR 959 $aDDR 996 $aAugustus$9766820 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05424nam 22004333 450 001 9911022279803321 005 20240411080230.0 010 $a9780197758885 010 $a0197758886 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31255517 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31255517 035 $a(CKB)31392459000041 035 $a(OCoLC)1422168330 035 $a(EXLCZ)9931392459000041 100 $a20240411d2024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRoutes to Reform $eEducation Politics in Latin America 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aOxford :$cOxford University Press, Incorporated,$d2024. 210 4$d©2024. 215 $a1 online resource (246 pages) 311 08$a9780197758861 311 08$a019775886X 327 $aCover -- Routes to Reform -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- PART I THEORY AND ARGUMENTS -- 1. Introduction: The Contentious Politics of Education -- I. Introduction: Actors and Factors -- II. From Quantity to Quality -- III. Why Learning Lags: An Empty Policy Space -- IV. Bottom-?Up and Top-?Down Routes to Reforming Teacher Careers -- V. Country Cases of Reforms to Teacher Careers -- VI. Conclusions: Underdeveloped Theory -- 2. Theorizing on Education Politics: Macro to Micro -- I. Introduction: Thin and Disjointed Literatures -- II. Democracy Boosts Quantity but Not Quality -- III. Social Class and Education as Redistribution -- IV. Education as Human Capital: Business, Skills, and Varieties of Capitalism -- V. Education as Political Fodder I: Clientelist Politicians -- VI. Education as Political Fodder II: Political Machine Unions -- VII. Micro Drivers: Technocracy -- VIII. Micro Shapers: Civil Society and Policy Networks -- IX. Conclusions: Most but Not All -- PART II REFORM CASES -- 3. Bottom-?Up Reform in Chile: Electoral Mobilization, Policy Networks, and Civil Society -- I. Introduction -- II. Summary of the National Teacher Policy -- III. Key Stakeholders in Policy Debates -- IV. Reform Unfolding: Electoral Mobilization and Policy Networks -- V. Finishing Touches: Civil Society and the Teacher Union -- VI. Conclusions -- 4. From Bottom Up to Top Down in Ecuador -- I. Introduction -- II. Teacher Career Reforms, 2006-?2017 -- III. Fewer Main Stakeholders -- IV. Reform Dynamics -- V. Conclusions -- 5. Top-?Down Reform: Unions and Technocrats in Colombia and Peru -- I. Introduction -- II. Colombia: Slowing Reform to Bypass the Union -- III. Peru: Staying Alive through Turbulent Times -- IV. Conclusions. 327 $a6. Union Blockage and Clientelist Backlash in Mexico, South Africa, and Rio de Janeiro -- I. Introduction: Filling the Empty Space -- II. Reform in Mexico: Imposed from above, Dismantled from above -- III. Stymied Reforms in South Africa -- IV. Clientelism Redux in Rio de Janeiro -- V. Conclusions -- PART III COMPARISONS AND CONCLUSIONS -- 7. Brazil: Innovating in the States -- I. Introduction -- II. Principal Protagonists: Business Philanthropy, Political Parties, and Teacher Unions -- III. Ceará: Scaling Up Sobral -- IV. Pernambuco: Leveraging New Schools to Improve Quality -- V. Merit Reforms in São Paulo -- VI. National Reforms: Redistributive Finance and Common Curriculum -- VII. Comparisons and Conclusions -- 8. Parties, Coalitions, and Routes to Technical Education -- I. Introduction: An Emptier Policy Space -- II. Cross-?National Variations and the Middle-?Class Slant in Latin America -- III. Markets and Left Parties in Chile -- IV. Left Parties and Ramping Up in Brazil -- V. The SME Alliance in Turkey -- VI. Conclusions -- 9. Conclusions -- I. Introduction: A Summary Guide to Routes -- II. Moving Masses and Problematizing Organizations, Bureaucracies, and Networks -- III. Back to Inequality and Development -- Appendices (B-?E online) -- A. Interviews -- B. Ministers of Education: Technocrats or Politicians -- C. Governors and Parties in Brazil, 1999- 2022 -- D. Protests and Demands in Education -- E. Civil Society in Education -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $aThis is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.In Routes to Reform, Ben Ross Schneider examines education policy throughout Latin America to show that reforms to improve learning--especially making teacher careers more meritocratic and less political--are possible. He contends that the first bottom-up route to reform is electoral. The second route was more top-down and technocratic, with little support from electorates or civil society. By framing education policy in a much broader comparative perspective, Schneider demonstrates that contrary to much established theory, reform outcomes in Latin America depended less on institutions and broad coalitions, but rather--due to the emptiness of the education policy space--on more micro factors like civil society organizations, teacher unions, policy networks, and technocrats. 676 $a379.8 700 $aSchneider$b Ben Ross$01846942 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911022279803321 996 $aRoutes to Reform$94431894 997 $aUNINA