LEADER 01359nam 2200337 a 450 001 9910698997103321 005 20101007135754.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002397900 035 $a(OCoLC)383687840 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002397900 100 $a20090610d1993 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aConfirmation hearings on federal appointments$hPt. 9$b[electronic resource] $ehearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on confirmation hearings on appointments to the federal judiciary, May 14, June 4, 18, and July 1, 1992 210 1$a[Washington, D.C.] :$c[U.S. G.P.O.],$d[1993] 215 $avi, 759 pages ;$d24 cm 225 1 $aS. hrg. ;$v102-505 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed on June 10, 2009). 300 $aDigital reproduction; no longer available for sale by the Supt. of Docs. 517 $aConfirmation hearings on federal appointments 606 $aJudges$xSelection and appointment$zUnited States 615 0$aJudges$xSelection and appointment 801 0$bGPO 801 1$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910698997103321 996 $aConfirmation hearings on federal appointments$93438320 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05378nam 2200637Ia 450 001 9911019601403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-16528-3 010 $a9786612165283 010 $a0-470-61147-2 010 $a0-470-39411-0 035 $a(CKB)2550000000005898 035 $a(EBL)477687 035 $a(OCoLC)609853577 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000354705 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11266132 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000354705 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10313585 035 $a(PQKB)11349542 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC477687 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000005898 100 $a20080923d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEnd-to-end quality of service engineering in next generation heterogeneous networks /$fedited by Abdelhamid Mellouk 210 $aLondon $cISTE ;$aHoboken, NJ $cWiley$d2009 215 $a1 online resource (474 p.) 225 1 $aISTE ;$vv.63 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-84821-061-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aEnd-to-End Quality of Service Engineering in Next Generation Heterogenous Networks; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Challenges for End-to-End Quality of Service over Heterogenous Networks; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Research challenges in end-to-end QoS; 1.3. Contents; 1.3.1. Chapter 2: principles and mechanisms for Quality of Service in networks; 1.3.2. Chapter 3: different approaches to guarantee Quality of Service; 1.3.3. Chapter 4: Quality of Service-based adaptive routing approaches; 1.3.4. Chapter 5: optical networks: new challenges and paradigms for Quality of Service 327 $a1.3.5. Chapter 6: pushing Quality of Service across interdomain boundaries1.3.6. Chapter 7: Internet-based collaborative teleoperation: towards tailorable groupware for teleoperation; 1.3.7. Chapter 8: survivability-oriented Quality of Service in optical networks; 1.3.8. Chapter 9: MAC protocols for Quality of Service provisioning in mobile ad hoc networks; 1.3.9. Chapter 10: Quality of Service-based scheduling mechanisms in mobile networks; 1.3.10. Chapter 11: Quality of Service in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks; 1.3.11. Chapter 12: Quality of Service challenges in WiMAX networks 327 $a1.3.12. Chapter 13: Quality of Service support for MPLS-based wired-wireless domains1.3.13. Chapter 14: Quality of Service control in VoIP applications; 1.3.14. Chapter 15: towards collaborative teleoperation based on human scale networked mixed reality environments; 1.3.15. Chapter 16: Quality of Service driven context awareness using semantic sensors infrastructure; 1.3.16. Chapter 17: effect of transmission delay on haptic perception in shared virtual environments; 1.4. Conclusion; Chapter 2. Principles and Mechanisms for Quality of Service in Networks; 2.1. Introduction 327 $a2.2. Concepts and definitions2.2.1. Definitions of QoS in a networking context; 2.2.2. End-to-end QoS; 2.2.3. Classes (levels) of service; 2.2.4. Differentiated classes of service; 2.3. QoS parameters and application classification; 2.3.1. QoS parameter types; 2.3.2. Application classification; 2.3.3. QoS parameter specification; 2.3.4. Traffic models; 2.3.5. Service level agreements; 2.4. Mechanisms and functions for QoS provisioning; 2.4.1. General issues; 2.4.2. QoS establishment; 2.4.3. Admission control; 2.4.4. QoS negotiation and renegotiation; 2.4.5. Resource management 327 $a2.4.6. QoS signaling protocols2.4.7. Routing; 2.4.8. Traffic control mechanisms; 2.4.9. QoS control, maintenance, monitoring; 2.4.10. QoS policy; 2.4.11. QoS mapping and translation; 2.5. Overview of IntServ, DiffServ and MPLS; 2.5.1. Integrated services architecture; 2.5.2. DiffServ architecture; 2.5.3. MPLS; 2.6. Conclusion; 2.7. References; Chapter 3. Different Approaches to Guarantee Quality of Service; 3.1. Introduction to QoS; 3.1.1. Different QoS requirements; 3.1.2. Organization of chapter; 3.2. Means of managing an end-to-end time constraint 327 $a3.2.1. Components of an end-to-end response time 330 $aA modern communication network?can be described as?a large, complex, distributed system composed by higher interoperating, smaller sub-systems. Today, the proliferation and convergence of different types of wired, wireless, and mobile networks are crucial for the success of the next generation networking.?However, these networks can hardly meet the requirements of future integrated-service networks, and are expected to carry multimedia traffic with various Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Providing all relevant QoS/QoE issues in these heterogeneous network 410 0$aISTE 606 $aComputer networks$xQuality control 606 $aInternetworking (Telecommunication) 615 0$aComputer networks$xQuality control. 615 0$aInternetworking (Telecommunication) 676 $a004.6 676 $a621.3821 701 $aMellouk$b Abdelhamid$01646604 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911019601403321 996 $aEnd-to-end quality of service engineering in next generation heterogeneous networks$94417371 997 $aUNINA LEADER 12493nam 2200709 a 450 001 9910954510403321 005 20251116160644.0 010 $a9786610210909 010 $a9781280210907 010 $a1280210907 010 $a9780309568692 010 $a0309568692 035 $a(CKB)111069351112036 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000156510 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11149890 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000156510 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10123712 035 $a(PQKB)10967901 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377499 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3377499 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10071530 035 $a(OCoLC)830028382 035 $a(Perlego)4734251 035 $a(BIP)583041 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111069351112036 100 $a19940518d1994 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFood components to enhance performance $ean evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations /$fCommittee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1994 215 $axv, 543 p. $cill 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 1 $a9780309050883 311 1 $a030905088X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 501-514) and index. 327 $aFOOD COMPONENTS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE -- Copyright -- Preface -- FOCUS OF THE REPORT -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- COMMITTEE TASK AND PROCEDURES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Contents -- PART I Committee Summary and Recommendations -- 1 Introduction and Background -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- Terms Used in This Report -- Report Organization -- MILITARY RESEARCH ON NUTRITIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF SOLDIER PERFORMANCE -- History and Current Research -- Design Issues for Rations -- Biochemical Strategies and Issues -- PERFORMANCE ISSUES AND MEASUREMENT APPROPRIATE TO THE MILITARY -- Physical Performance -- Mental Performance -- PROVIDING FOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY COMBAT SETTINGS -- STRESS AND NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS -- The Central Nervous System -- Endocrine System Responses to Stress -- Immune System Responses to Stress -- Metabolic Responses to Stress and Activity -- POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Physical Performance Enhancement -- Food Components that May Enhance Mental Performance -- Nutrients on Neurotransmitter release -- SPECIFIC FOOD COMPONENTS -- Tyrosine -- Carbohydrates -- Glucose -- Structured Lipids -- Choline -- Functions of Choline -- Dietary Choline and Choline Deficiency -- Potential Areas of Clinical and Military Interest -- Caffeine -- Carnitine -- SAFETY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Safety of Amino Acids -- Regulation of Food Components by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration1 -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- General Concepts of Performance Enhancement -- Food Components or Nutrients that Offer Potential to Enhance Performance -- Other Food Components of Theoretical Importance but Low Probability of Improving Performance -- ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS POSED TO THE COMMITTEE. 327 $aRECOMMENDATIONS -- General -- Recommendations Regarding Food Components Proposed by the Army -- Specific Recommendations -- Other Areas that Offer Research Potential -- AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- PART II Background and Introduction to the Topic -- 3 Nutritional Enhancement of Soldier Performance at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environment... -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- MACRONUTRIENT AND PERFORMANCE RESEARCH AT USARIEM -- Carbohydrate and Work at High Altitude -- Carbohydrate and Thermoregulation During Cold Exposure -- Carbohydrate and Work in the Heat -- Carbohydrate and Load-Bearing Work and Marksmanship -- NUTRITIONAL PHARMACOLOGY (CAFFEINE RESEARCH) -- NUTRITIONAL NEUROTRANSMITTER RESEARCH (TYROSINE) -- CURRENT USARIEM NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT RESEARCH -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 Optimizing the Design of Combat Rations -- INTRODUCTION -- OPTIMIZATION CONSIDERATIONS -- SELF-HEATING INDIVIDUAL MEAL MODULE -- Component Preservation -- Self-Heating -- Consumer Acceptance -- NUTRITIONAL ENGINEERING FOR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT -- Basic Performance-Nutrient Concept -- Goal Programming -- Experimental Diets -- Tailored-Ration System -- SUMMARY: THE CHALLENGE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Biochemical Strategies for Ration Design: Concerns of Bioavailability -- INTRODUCTION -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RATION DESIGN -- BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART III Military Issues -- 6 Evaluation of Physical Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND THEIR EVALUATION -- Physiological Factors -- Metabolic Capacity -- Neuromotor Control -- Substrates and Tissue Homeostasis -- Assessment of Submaximal Endurance Capacity -- Laboratory Tests of Aerobic Endurance -- Field Task Tests of Aerobic Endurance. 327 $aRECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance During Continuous Combat Operations -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 The Role of Context in Behavioral Effects of Foods -- INTRODUCTION -- DETERMINING A BASELINE -- EXPECTANCY -- CONTROLLING THE FOOD, STIMULUS, AND TREATMENT -- PEOPLE -- Individual Differences -- Clinical Disorders -- Social Influence -- CHEMICALS, FOODS, AND MEALS -- PERFORMANCE AND MOOD OUTCOMES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART IV Stress and Nutrient Interactions: Metabolic Consequences -- 9 Stress and Monoamine Neurons in the Brain -- INTRODUCTION -- SYNTHESIS OF MONOAMINES IN THE BRAIN -- Dopamine and Norepinephrine -- Serotonin -- STRESS AND BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN DOPAMINE -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN SEROTONIN -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Endocrine and Immune System Responses to Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES -- Contributions of Hans Selye -- Studies of Endogenous Pyrogen -- Studies of Infectious Stress -- Studies in Ranger Trainees -- Immunological Progress -- ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Catecholamines -- Adrenocortical Responses -- CRF and ACTH -- Adrenal Glucocorticoids -- ADRENAL MINERALOCORTICOIDS -- Growth Hormone -- Thyroidal Responses -- Other Pituitary Hormones -- Testosterone -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Intestinal Hormones -- Other Hormones and Neuroendocrines -- IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Changes in Lymphoid Cells and Tissues -- Lymphocyte Counts in Stress -- Humoral Immunity and Stress -- Cell-Mediated Immunity and Stress -- Lymphocyte Responses to Mitogens -- Natural Killer Cell Activity -- Cytokine Responses to Stress. 327 $aMicrobicidal and Tumoricidal Effects of NO -- The Immunological Role of Arginine -- The Acute Phase Reaction -- Interleukin-1 -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Interleukin-6 -- Potential Importance of Stress Proteins -- Military Aspects of the Acute-Phase Reaction -- Malnutrition and Immune System Dysfunctions -- Nutritional Support for the Immune System -- HORMONAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS DURING STRESS -- Hormonal Effects on Immune System Functions -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 The Metabolic Responses to Stress and Physical Activity -- INTRODUCTION -- UNDERLYING CONCEPTS -- THE FOCUS ON FUEL METABOLISM -- Metabolic Fuel Homeostasis During Physical Exercise -- Fuel Homeostasis Under Baseline Conditions -- Fuel Homeostasis During Exercise -- Levels of Metabolic Integration During Exercise -- FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FUEL UTILIZATION DURING EXERCISE -- BICYCLE ERGOMETER STUDIES -- ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS -- INFORMATION DERIVED USING THE PANCREATIC CLAMP TECHNIQUE -- INFORMATION FROM OTHER ANIMAL MODELS -- INTERPRETATIONS OF THE METABOLIC DATA -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART V Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components -- 12 Food Components That May Optimize Physical Performance: An Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- ACTIONS OF SPECIFIC FOODS AND DERIVATIVES OF FOOD PRODUCTS -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as Central or Peripheral Nervous System Stimulants -- Ergogenic Aids That Increase the Stored Amount or Availability of a Limiting Substrate -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as a Supplemental Fuel Source or Reduce Reliance on a Limiting Fuel Store -- Ergogenic Aids That Reduce or Neutralize Metabolic By-Products -- Ergogenic Aids That Enhance Recovery -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Effects of Nutrients on Neurotransmitter Release1 -- INTRODUCTION. 327 $aFOOD CONSUMPTION, TRYPTOPHAN AVAILABILITY, AND BRAIN SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS -- BRAIN SEROTONIN, NUTRIENT CHOICE, AND CARBOHYDRATE CRAVING -- UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WILL NUTRIENT INTAKE AFFECT NEUROTRANSMISSION? -- TYROSINE EFFECT ON DOPAMINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE SYNTHESIS -- EFFECTS OF CHOLINE ON SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 14 Performance-Enhancing Effects of Protein and Amino Acids -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: SHORT-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AAS OR MIXTURES OF AAS -- ROLE OF DIET IN MODULATING RESPONSE TO AA SUPPLEMENTATION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 15 Tyrosine and Stress: Human and Animal Studies -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Precursor Coupling -- Catecholamines and Stress -- Acute Behavioral Consequences of Combat -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN ANIMALS -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN HUMANS -- Hypobaric Hypoxia -- Acute Cardiovascular Stress -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 16 Tyrosine and Glucose Modulation of Cognitive Deficits Resulting from Cold Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- COLD STRESS AND WORKING MEMORY -- TYROSINE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Cold-Induced Amnesia as a Stress Effect -- Initial Studies with Tyrosine -- Tyrosine Studies During Field Operations in the Cold -- The Effects of Tyrosine on Cold-Induced Impairment in Timing -- Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding the Use of Tyrosine -- Situations in Which Tyrosine is Less Effective -- Tyrosine and Chronic Stress -- Conditions in Which Tyrosine Would Be Contraindicated -- GLUCOSE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Mechanisms of Action of Glucose on Working Memory. 327 $aConclusions and Recommendations Regarding Glucose as a Cognition Enhancer. 330 $aThe physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settings--among others--experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting. 606 $aSoldiers$zUnited States$xNutrition 606 $aOperational rations (Military supplies) 606 $aStress (Physiology)$xNutritional aspects 615 0$aSoldiers$xNutrition. 615 0$aOperational rations (Military supplies) 615 0$aStress (Physiology)$xNutritional aspects. 676 $a355.3/45 701 $aMarriott$b Bernadette M$01807762 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on Military Nutrition Research. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910954510403321 996 $aFood components to enhance performance$94362402 997 $aUNINA