LEADER 11541nam 22006373 450 001 9911016149703321 005 20240727060233.0 010 $a9780784485491$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9780784416235 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31565567 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31565567 035 $a(CKB)33414727000041 035 $a(Exl-AI)31565567 035 $a(EXLCZ)9933414727000041 100 $a20240727d2024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aGeoenvironmental Engineering $eSite Contaminant Characterization, Containment Facilities, Solid Waste Materials, and Contaminated Ground Interventions 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aReston :$cAmerican Society of Civil Engineers,$d2024. 210 4$dİ2024. 215 $a1 online resource (451 pages) 225 1 $aManuals and Reports on Engineering Practice Series ;$vv.159 311 08$aPrint version: Scalia, Joe Geoenvironmental Engineering Reston : American Society of Civil Engineers,c2024 9780784416235 327 $aCover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Blue-Ribbon Panel Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1 : Introduction -- Chapter 1 : Contaminant Transport and Fate -- 1.1 ? Introduction -- 1.2 ? Mass Transport -- 1.3 ? Fate -- References -- Part 2 : Waste and Site Characterization -- Chapter 2 : Field Testing for Geotechnical Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste -- 2.1 ? Introduction -- 2.2 ? Nonintrusive Field Measurement Techniques -- 2.2.1 ? General -- 2.2.2 ? Wave Propagation Velocity Measurements -- 2.2.3 ? Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity Surveys -- 2.2.4 ? Surface Deformation Measurements -- 2.2.5 ? Strong Ground Motion Measurements -- 2.2.6 ? Shear Strength Estimation Based on Stability Observations -- 2.3 ? Intrusive Field Measurement Techniques -- 2.3.1 ? General -- 2.3.2 ? Borehole Sampling and Testing -- 2.3.2.1 ? Types of Borehole Tests. ? A variety of different types of field measurements can be made on samples recovered from boreholes or on the waste mass surrounding a borehole. Compositional classification of bulk samples recovered from a borehole i -- 2.3.2.2 ? Complications Inherent to Borehole Sampling and Testing. ? Obstructions and large pieces of solid waste may necessitate special drilling equipment and can, in the worst case, prevent drillers from reaching target drilling depth. If a recovery -- 2.3.2.3 ? Health and Safety Considerations. ? Intrusive investigation at landfill sites (e.g., advancement of boreholes for sampling, testing, and/or instrumentation) is complicated by various health and safety concerns posed by the presence of potenti. 327 $a2.3.2.4 ? Disposition of Investigation Derived Waste. ? Another consideration associated with drilling (and trenching) in waste is the disposition of investigation-derived waste (IDW). The IDW includes drill cuttings, liquid, and drilling mud. If inves -- 2.3.2.5 ? Borehole and Test Pit Sampling. ? Bulk samples of MSW recovered from conventional and bucket-auger boreholes, and test pits are often visually classified and tested for moisture content in the field. Although standard visual classification an -- 2.3.2.6 ? Borehole and Test Pit Unit Weight Testing. ? To measure in situ unit weight at four MSW landfill sites in California, Geosyntec (1996) developed a borehole unit weight (density) test. This test was patterned after the sand cone density test -- 2.3.2.7 ? Borehole Hydraulic Conductivity Testing. ? Several in situ testing methods have been used to assess the hydraulic conductivity of waste utilizing boreholes, wells, and/or temporary piezometers. These tests are generally carried out by a monit -- 2.3.2.8 ? Borehole Wave Propagation Velocity Testing. ? Wave propagation velocity testing can be conducted in a borehole using cross-hole, down-hole, and/or in-hole methods. Cross-hole testing can be conducted if there are two or more boreholes spaced -- 2.3.2.9 ? Borehole Electrical and Nuclear Testing. ? A variety of electrical and nuclear measurements can be conducted in a borehole advanced through MSW, including "conventional" (i.e., such as those used in the oil exploration industry) down-hole ele -- 2.3.2.10 ? Borehole Pressuremeter Testing. ? The use of a pressuremeter to evaluate the mechanical properties of MSW was reported by Dixon et al. (1999 , 2006 ). These authors employed an 83?mm diameter, 1.2?m long self-boring pressuremeter in a "pre. 327 $a2.3.2.11 ? Borehole Standard Penetration Test and Becker Penetration Test. ? Both the SPT and the BPT have been conducted at MSW landfills mostly for sample recovery and visual field and/or laboratory classification. Gabr and Valero (1995) used the r -- 2.3.2.12 ? In Situ Direct Shear Tests. ? Richardson and Reynolds (1991) and Houston et al. (1995) conducted large-scale in situ direct shear tests on MSW. The general procedure for these tests consisted of isolating a "pedestal" of waste by excavat -- 2.3.2.13 ? Internal Deformation Measurements. ? Internal measurements of vertical and lateral deformation within a waste mass can provide both direct and indirect information on in situ waste characteristics. Internal deformation measurements made over -- 2.3.2.14 ? Internal Moisture Content and Temperature Measurements. ? In situ moisture content and temperature measurements are often performed together. These measurements can provide insight into moisture distribution and leachate flow within the wast -- 2.4 ? Hybrid Field Measurement Techniques -- 2.4.1 ? General -- 2.4.2 ? Cone Penetration Test Soundings -- 2.4.3 ? Dilatometer and Seismic Dilatometer Testing -- 2.4.4 ? In Situ Measurement of Shear Modulus Reduction -- 2.5 ? Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 : Laboratory Testing for Chemical Characterization of Solids, Liquids, and Gases -- 3.1 ? Introduction -- 3.2 ? Solid Analysis Methods -- 3.2.1 ? Bulk Chemical Analysis -- 3.2.2 ? Mineralogical Analysis -- 3.3 ? Liquid Analysis Methods -- 3.3.1 ? General Parameters -- 3.3.2 ? Analysis of Metals and Metalloids -- 3.3.3 ? Analysis of Organics -- 3.3.4 ? Analysis of Other Compounds and Parameters -- 3.4 ? Gas Analysis -- 3.4.1 ? Questionnaire -- References -- Part 3: Waste Material Properties -- Chapter 4: Hazardous Waste -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION. 327 $a4.2 DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE -- 4.2.1 Listed Hazardous Waste -- 4.2.2 Characteristic Hazardous Waste -- 4.2.3 Hazardous Wastes, Constituents, Chemicals, and Substances -- 4.3 CRADLE-TO-GRAVE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK -- 4.3.1 Hazardous Waste Generation and Transportation -- 4.3.2 Hazardous Waste Recycling, Treatment, Storage, and Disposal -- 4.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS -- 4.4.1 Double-Liner System -- 4.4.2 Action Leakage Rate and Response Action Plan -- 4.4.3 Closure and Postclosure Care -- 4.5 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS -- 4.5.1 Basic Requirements and Treatment Standards -- 4.5.2 Alternative Land Disposal Restrictions for Contaminated Soils -- 4.6 REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATION AT RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES -- 4.7 REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATION AT NON-RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT SITES UNDER COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT -- 4.7.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Basics -- 4.7.2 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Removal Actions and Remedial Actions -- 4.7.3 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements -- 4.7.4 Redevelopment of Remediated Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Sites -- 4.8 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MANAGING AND DISPOSING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL WASTES -- 4.9 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MIXED WASTES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 : Municipal Solid Waste: Characterization and Engineering Properties -- 5.1 ? Introduction -- 5.2 ? Municipal Solid Waste Composition -- 5.3 ? Solid Waste Structure -- 5.4 ? Biogas Generation -- 5.5 ? Unit Weight -- 5.6 ? Moisture Content. 327 $a5.7 ? Field Capacity -- 5.8 ? Hydraulic Conductivity -- 5.9 ? Shear Strength -- 5.10 ? Compressibility and Settlement -- 5.11 ? Dynamic Properties -- References -- Chapter 6 : Coal Combustion Residuals -- 6.1 ? Background -- 6.2 ? Environmental Regulation -- 6.3 ? Characteristics and Properties of Coal Combustion Residuals -- 6.3.1 ? Size and Shape -- 6.3.2 ? Chemical Composition -- 6.3.3 ? Classification of Fly Ashes -- 6.3.4 ? Particle Size Distribution -- 6.3.5 ? Specific Gravity -- 6.3.6 ? Loss on Ignition -- 6.3.7 ? Compaction -- 6.3.8 ? Shear Strength -- 6.4 ? Beneficial Use of Coal Combustion Residuals -- 6.4.1 ? Reuse of Coal Combustion Residual (Particularly Fly Ash) -- 6.4.1.1 ? Encapsulated Beneficial Uses. ? The two largest encapsulated uses reported by ACAA in 2014 are fly ash used in "concrete/concrete products/grout" (13.12 million tons) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material (i.e., gypsum) used in gypsum pa -- 6.4.1.2 ? Unencapsulated Beneficial Use. ? Unencapsulated uses of coal ash are those where the coal ash is used in a loose particulate, sludge, or other unbound form. In 2019, ACAA reported about 9% of generated CCRs (1.5 million tons) are beneficially -- 6.4.2 ? Environmental Concerns -- References -- Chapter 7 : Woody Biomass Fly Ash: Properties and Engineering Applications -- 7.1 ? Introduction -- 7.2 ? Biomass Ash -- 7.3 ? Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties -- 7.3.1 ? Particle Morphology and Particle Size -- 7.3.2 ? Specific Gravity -- 7.3.3 ? Chemical Composition and Classification of Biomass Fly Ash -- 7.3.4 ?Organic Content: Loss on Ignition versus Residual Organic Carbon -- 7.4 ? Engineering Properties and Applications -- 7.4.1 ? Biomass Fly Ash in Concrete -- 7.4.2 ? Biomass Fly Ash for Soil Improvement -- 7.4.3 ? Biomass Fly Ash as Mine Backfill. 327 $a7.4.4 ? 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