LEADER 07453nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910971502003321 005 20240513085019.0 010 $a9786612775079 010 $a9781282775077 010 $a1282775073 010 $a9789027288011 010 $a9027288011 024 7 $a10.1075/lfab.3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000047703 035 $a(OCoLC)673625085 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10417543 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000417425 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12183913 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000417425 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10363478 035 $a(PQKB)10826362 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL623351 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10417543 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL277507 035 $a(OCoLC)705533496 035 $a(iGPub)JOBE0001991 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC623351 035 $a(DE-B1597)721090 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789027288011 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000047703 100 $a20100504d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aExploring crash-proof grammars /$fedited by Michael T. Putnam 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJohn Benjamins Pub. Company$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (315 p.) 225 1 $aLanguage faculty and beyond ;$vv. 3 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9789027208200 311 08$a9027208204 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aExploring Crash-Proof Grammars -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Preface & -- acknowledgments -- List of contributors -- Exploring Crash-proof grammars -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining crash(es) -- 3. Scope and content of this volume -- Works cited -- Part I. Applications of crash-proof grammar -- Computation efficiency and feature inheritance in crash-proof syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Feature inheritance -- 3. Subject-verb agreement -- 4. Subject extraction and Anti-Agreement Effects -- 5. Long distance extraction and agreement -- 6. DONATE, KEEP and SHARE application in crash-proof syntax -- 7. Conclusion -- Implications of grammatical gender for the theory of uninterpretable features -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical overview -- 1.2 Structure of the paper -- 2. Gender and interpretability -- 2.1 Romance gender -- 2.2 Bantu noun class -- 3. Gender agreement in Bantu and Romance -- 4. Why Bantu agreement is independent of case -- 4.1 The proposal: Gender is never deactivated -- 4.2 Against an Agree-with-Agreement approach -- support from semitic -- 5. Activity: A closer look -- 5.1 Strengthening the Activity Requirement -- 6. A problem for Feature Inheritance -- 7. Deriving Goal Deactivation -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- The Empty Left Edge Condition (ELEC) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A uniform approach to null-arguments -- 3. Germanic argument drop and the ELEC -- 4. More cases of left edge sensitive argument drop -- 5. The emptiness conditions are operative in PF -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part II. The crash-proof debate -- Grammaticality, interfaces, and UG -- 1. Linguistics as the study of I-language -- 2. Acceptability and grammaticality -- 3. Selection and structure-building -- 4. Prospects for an unprincipled syntax -- A tale of two minimalisms. 327 $a1. Introductory remarks -- 2. The distinguishing feature between the two minimalisms -- 2.1 The crash-proof route -- 2.2 The alternative route -- 2.3 A concise comparison, and why Merge ? has an edge -- 3. On Agree -- 4. Conclusion -- Uninterpretable features -- 1. Unclarities regarding the distinction between crash vs. convergent gibberish -- 2. A pervasive empirical problem for the valuation-transfer analysis -- 3. Designing a perfect system "primarily" for CI and "secondarily" for SM -- 4. A crash-proof system and a remaining question -- References -- Syntactic relations in Survive-minimalism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. "Phrase structure rules" a la the Survive Principle -- 3. Theta Roles in Survive-minimalism -- 4. Cleaning-up crashes -- 5. Consequences and conclusions -- References -- Toward a strongly derivational syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Labeling and First Merge -- 2.1 C-selection is not feature checking -- 2.2 C-selection has no role in labeling -- 2.3 Labeling at First Merge: Agree -- 2.4 Collins' Locus and First Merge -- 2.5 Crash-proof derivation vs. immediate filtering -- 3. The issues facing First and Second Merge -- 4. Toward a strongly derivational syntax -- 4.1 Eliminating the First Merge/Second Merge dichotomy -- 4.2 Eliminating First Merge -- 4.3 A)symmetry in narrow syntax and at the interfaces -- 4.4 Eliminating Merge -- 4.5 Consequences of Eliminating Merge -- 4.6 Transfer and feature checking -- 4.7 Complex specifiers -- 5. Concluding remarks -- On the mathematical foundations of crash-proof grammars -- 1. Rainbow, language, theory -- 2. The concept of crash-proof syntax -- 3. Mechanisms of crash-proof syntax -- 4. Elements, contexts, and formal Systems -- 5. Peano's axioms -- 6. The language-number correspondence -- 7. Conclusions -- Crash-proof syntax and filters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. OT-syntax as a theory of filters. 327 $a3. Crash-proof syntax does not void the need for filters -- 3.1 Movement -- 3.2 Negative sentences -- 3.3 Other differences -- 3.4 The universal generator -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4. Why developing a crash-proof syntax may be desirable -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Crash-free syntax and crash phenomena in model-theoretic grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammar as system of declarative constraints rather than a system of production operations -- 3. When derivations crash (in performance) -- 4. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Index -- the Language Faculty and Beyond series. 330 $aThe Minimalist Program has advanced a research program that builds the design of human language from conceptual necessity. Seminal proposals by Frampton & Gutmann (1999, 2000, 2002) introduced the notion that an ideal syntactic theory should be 'crash-proof'. Such a version of the Minimalist Program (or any other linguistic theory) would not permit syntactic operations to produce structures that 'crash'. There have, however, been some recent developments in Minimalism - especially those that approach linguistic theory from a biolinguistic perspective (cf. Chomsky 2005 et seq.) - that have called the pursuit of a 'crash-proof grammar' into serious question. The papers in this volume take on the daunting challenge of defining exactly what a 'crash' is and what a 'crash-proof grammar' would look like, and of investigating whether or not the pursuit of a 'crash-proof grammar' is biolinguistically appealing. 410 0$aLanguage faculty and beyond ;$vv. 3. 606 $aGrammar, Comparative and general$xSyntax 606 $aGenerative grammar 606 $aMinimalist theory (Linguistics) 615 0$aGrammar, Comparative and general$xSyntax. 615 0$aGenerative grammar. 615 0$aMinimalist theory (Linguistics) 676 $a415 701 $aPutnam$b Michael T$0600539 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910971502003321 996 $aExploring crash-proof grammars$94346348 997 $aUNINA LEADER 10786nam 22005413 450 001 9911007098403321 005 20230629220414.0 010 $a9781523140589 010 $a1523140585 010 $a9781468603217 010 $a1468603213 035 $a(CKB)4100000011989116 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC28983731 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL28983731 035 $a(BIP)082532184 035 $a(OCoLC)1263184681 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011989116 100 $a20220304d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aEngine Combustion $ePressure Measurement and Analysis 205 $a2nd ed. 210 1$aWarrendale :$cSAE International,$d2021. 210 4$d©2021. 215 $a1 online resource (344 pages) 311 08$a9781468603200 311 08$a1468603205 327 $aCover -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1 A Brief History of Engine Indicators -- 1.1 Early Engine Indicators -- 1.1.1 The First Indicators -- 1.1.2 Early Developments in Indicator Technology -- 1.1.3 Further Developments in Indicator Technology -- 1.1.4 Analysis of Indicator Diagrams -- 1.2 The Electronic Age -- 1.2.1 Oscilloscope Recording -- 1.2.2 Digital Systems -- 1.3 A Typical Measurement System -- 1.3.1 Complete System Components -- Further Information -- CHAPTER 2 The Measurement Chain: Encoders -- 2.1 The Angle Encoder -- 2.1.1 Basic Function -- 2.1.2 Required Resolution -- 2.1.3 Encoder Output Signals -- 2.1.4 Encoder Types -- 2.1.4.1 Standard-Closed Encoder -- 2.1.4.2 Open Encoders -- 2.1.5 Processing an Existing Encoder Signal -- CHAPTER 3 The Measurement Chain: Combustion Pressure Transducers -- 3.1 Cylinder Pressure Transducers -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers for Engine Combustion Measurement -- 3.1.2.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2.2 Crystal Materials Used -- 3.1.2.3 Transducer Construction and Types -- Cooled Type. -- Uncooled Type. -- 3.1.2.4 Piezoelectric Transducer Properties -- Introduction. -- Environment Effects. -- Transducer Properties and Specifications. -- Transducer Thermodynamic Properties. -- Summary: Transducer Design. -- 3.1.2.5 Transducer Installation and Adaptors -- Introduction. -- Intrusive Mounting. -- Transducer Mounting Considerations and ­Positions. -- Installation of Mounting Bores. -- Nonintrusive Mounting. -- Spark Plug Adaptors. -- Glow Plug Adaptors. -- 3.1.2.6 Transducer Selection and Applications -- Introduction. -- Requirements of the Application. -- Categories of Transducers. -- Selection of Transducers for Common Applications. -- CHAPTER 4 The Measurement Chain: Additional and Alternative Transducers. 327 $a4.1 Alternatives to Piezoelectric Sensors for Cylinder Pressure Sensing -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Piezoresistive -- 4.1.3 Optical -- 4.1.4 Ion Current -- 4.2 Other Transducer and Signals for Combustion Measurement Applications -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Ignition Signals -- 4.2.3 Line Pressure -- 4.2.4 Needle Lift -- 4.2.5 Valve Lift -- 4.2.6 Exhaust and Inlet Pressure -- CHAPTER 5 The Measurement Chain: Measurement Hardware -- 5.1 Signal Conditioning -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Piezoelectric Signals-The Charge Amplifier -- 5.1.2.1 Basic Function and Operation -- 5.1.2.2 Time Constant -- 5.1.2.3 Drift and Drift Compensation -- 5.1.2.4 Cabling and Interfaces to the Charge Amplifier -- 5.1.3 Analogue Signals -- 5.1.4 Other Amplifiers -- 5.1.4.1 Ignition Timing Amplifier -- 5.1.4.2 Carrier-Frequency Amplifier -- 5.1.5 Intelligent Amplifiers -- 5.1.5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.5.2 Sensor Recognition -- TEDS. -- 5.1.5.3 Extended Functions for Monitoring and Measurement -- PMax Monitoring. -- Additional Evaluation Possibilities for Intelligent Amplifiers. -- 5.1.6 Summary-Signal Conditioning -- 5.2 Measurement Hardware-The Data Acquisition and ­Measurement System -- 5.2.1 Introduction and Overview -- 5.2.2 Operating Requirements -- 5.2.3 System Interfaces -- 5.2.3.1 Angle Encoder -- 5.2.3.2 Operator Interface -- 5.2.3.3 Analogue Inputs and Outputs -- 5.2.3.4 Digital Inputs and Outputs -- 5.2.4 A Typical System -- CHAPTER 6 The Measurement Chain: Measurement System Software -- 6.1 Software-The User Interface -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 User Interface -- 6.1.2.1 Parameterization -- 6.1.2.2 Display of Data -- 6.1.2.3 Data Management -- 6.2 Features and Operating Modes -- 6.2.1 Standard Measurement Operations -- 6.2.2 Special Measurement Modes -- 6.2.3 Other Applications -- 6.3 Software Interfaces -- 6.3.1 Remote System. 327 $a6.3.2 Interface to the Engine Electronics Systems -- 6.3.3 CAN (Controller Area Network) -- 6.4 Calculations and Results -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Real-Time Results -- 6.4.3 User-Defined Results -- 6.4.4 Future Developments -- 6.5 Postprocessing and Data ­Management -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Basic Requirements for Data Format and Export -- 6.5.3 Requirements for Engine and System Parameters -- 6.5.4 Typical Environment -- CHAPTER 7 Applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Measurement Chain Properties -- 7.2.1 Introduction and Overview -- 7.2.2 Special Considerations for Combustion Measurement Instrumentation -- Measurement in the Angle Domain -- Angle Encoders -- Pressure Measurement -- Signal Conditioning -- Measurement Hardware -- External Interfaces for Control and Data Transfer -- 7.3 Zero-level Correction, or Pegging -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Fixed Point and Reference Value -- 7.3.3 Fixed Point and Measured Value -- 7.3.4 Thermodynamic -- 7.3.5 Alternative Methods via Post Processing -- 7.3.6 General Comments -- 7.4 TDC Measurement -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Methods -- 7.4.2.1 Static Determination -- 7.4.2.2 Pressure Curve Determination -- AVL. -- FEV. -- D2T. -- General Comment-Motored Curve Method. -- 7.4.2.3 Capacitive Probe -- 7.4.3 Comparison and Discussion of the Methods -- 7.4.4 General Considerations -- 7.5 Thermodynamic Analysis -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 Basic Principles and Early Work -- 7.5.3 Methods for Real-Time Analysis -- 7.5.4 Further Discussion-Offline Analysis -- 7.5.4.1 Wiebe Function -- 7.5.5 General Comments -- 7.6 Low Pressure Measurement and Gas Exchange Analysis -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 Measurement Task and Goal -- 7.6.3 Typical Measurement Setup -- 7.6.4 Measurement and Analysis -- 7.6.5 Summary -- CHAPTER 8 Abnormal Combustion Measurement and Evaluation. 327 $a8.1 Combustion Knock and Abnormal Combustion (SI Engines) -- 8.1.1 Introduction -- 8.1.2 What Are Abnormal Combustion and Knock? -- 8.1.3 Why Is Knock Important? -- 8.1.4 Knock Measurement and Analysis -- 8.1.4.1 Knock Measurement Techniques -- 8.1.4.2 Knock Detection via Cylinder Pressure Measurements -- Introduction. -- Frequency of Knock. -- Signal Processing. -- Filtering. -- Acquisition Frequency. -- Acquisition Window. -- Calculation of Knock Overpressure. -- 8.1.4.3 Further Processing and Calculation Methods -- Knock Pressure Peak and Knock Intensity. -- AVL Real Time. -- FEV CAS. -- AVL KI (Knock Index). -- AVL Transient/VDO. -- AVL Histogram. -- Third Derivative. -- 8.1.4.4 Considerations for Knock Measurements -- Transducer Position, Type, and Properties. -- Measurement Range and Resolution. -- Measurement System Setup. -- 8.1.4.5 Summary -- 8.2 Combustion Noise -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 What Is Combustion Noise? -- 8.2.3 Measuring Combustion Noise -- Signal Processing and Calculation -- Filters Used in the Calculation. -- 8.2.4 Summary -- 8.3 Cold Start -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 What Is a Cold Start Measurement? -- 8.3.3 Typical System Configuration and Results -- 8.3.3.1 Preconditions Prior to Measurement -- 8.3.3.2 Executing the Measurement -- 8.3.3.3 Data Visualization and Processing -- 8.3.4 Summary -- CHAPTER 9 Successful Measurements -- 9.1 Problems and Errors -- 9.1.1 Introduction -- 9.1.2 Typical Sources of Error -- 9.1.2.1 Transducer -- 9.1.2.2 Cabling -- 9.1.2.3 Encoder -- 9.1.2.4 Amplifier -- 9.1.2.5 Measurement Device -- 9.1.2.6 Summary -- 9.2 Successful Setup and Diagnostics -- 9.2.1 Basic Setup -- 9.2.2 System Prechecks -- 9.2.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.3 Diagnostic and Reference Measurements -- 9.3 Software and Data Handling -- 9.3.1 Introduction -- 9.3.2 Measured Data Requirements. 327 $a9.3.3 Plausibility Checks and Data Validation -- 9.3.4 Best Practice and Summary -- 9.4 Hardware Handling and Maintenance -- 9.4.1 Introduction -- 9.4.2 Measurement Hardware and System -- 9.4.3 Engine-Mounted Equipment: Encoder -- 9.4.4 Engine-Mounted Equipment: Transducers -- 9.4.4.1 Introduction -- 9.4.4.2 Installation and Handling -- 9.4.4.3 Maintenance and Repair -- 9.4.4.4 Calibration -- 9.5 Summary -- CHAPTER 10 Specification and Integration into the Test Environment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Technical Considerations-­Features and Functions -- 10.2.1 Introduction -- 10.2.2 Typical Systems and Applications -- 10.2.2.1 Low-End System -- 10.2.2.2 Mid-Range System -- 10.2.2.3 High-End System -- 10.3 Interfaces to Additional ­Equipment -- 10.3.1 Introduction -- 10.3.2 Interfaces-Measurement Chain Components -- 10.3.2.1 Angle Encoder to Measurement System -- 10.3.2.2 Transducer to Charge Amplifier -- 10.3.2.3 Charge Amplifier to Measurement System -- 10.3.3 Interfaces-Data Transfer and Control -- 10.3.3.1 Digital Control and Data Transfer Interface -- 10.3.3.2 Analogue and Digital Hybrid Interface -- Bibliography -- References -- About the Author -- Index. 330 8 $aEngine Combustion: Pressure Measurement and Analysis, 2E provides practical information on measuring, analyzing, and qualifying combustion data, as well as details on hardware and software requirements and system components. Describing the principles of a successful combustion measurement process, the book will enable technicians and engineers to efficiently generate the required data to complete their development tasks. The revised edition has been updated with color photos and a fresh modern format has been adapted enhancing the readability of the book. As with the original printing, Engine Combustion: Pressure Measurement and Analysis, 2E is a comprehensive handbook for technicians and engineers involved in engine testing and development, and a valuable reference for scientists and students who wish to understand combustion measurement processes and techniques. 517 $aEngine Combustion - Pressure Measurement and Analysis 517 $aEngine Combustion 610 $aTRANSPORTATION 676 $a629.252 700 $aRogers$b David R$013895 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911007098403321 996 $aEngine combustion$9251353 997 $aUNINA