LEADER 05420nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9911004740803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-88016-0 010 $a9786612880162 010 $a1-85617-946-X 035 $a(CKB)2530000000000381 035 $a(EBL)610547 035 $a(OCoLC)668210516 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000440016 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12192521 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000440016 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10471017 035 $a(PQKB)10203268 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC610547 035 $a(EXLCZ)992530000000000381 100 $a20100607d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aNatural gas hydrates in flow assurance /$fDendy Sloan ...[et. al.] 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston $cGulf Professional Pub.$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (223 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-85617-945-1 327 $aFront Cover; Natural Gashydrates in Flow Assurance; Copyright Page; About the Authors; Contents; List of Figures; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1. Why Are Hydrates Important?; 1.2. What Are Hydrates?; 1.3. Four Rules of Thumb Arising from Crystal Structure; 1.4. Chapter Summary Application: Methane Hydrate Formation on an Emulsified Water Droplet; References; Chapter 2: Where and How Are Hydrate Plugs Formed?; 2.1. Where Do Hydrates Form in Offshore Systems?; 2.2. How Do Hydrate Plugs Form? Four Conceptual Pictures; 2.2.1 Hydrate Blockages in Oil-Dominated Systems 327 $a2.2.1.1 Rules of Thumb for Hydrate Formation in Oil-Dominated Systems2.2.1.2 A Model for Hydrate Formation in Oil-Dominated Flowlines; 2.2.2 Hydrate Formation in Gas-Condensate Systems; 2.2.2.1 Case Study 1: Tommeliten-Gamma Field; 2.2.2.2 Case Study 2: Werner-Bolley Field Hydrate Formation; 2.2.2.3 Hypothesized Mechanism for Gas-Dominated Systems; 2.2.3 Hydrate Blockages in Condensate Flowlines; 2.2.4 High-Water-Cut (Volume) Systems; 2.3. Risk Management in Hydrate Plug Prevention; 2.4. Relationship of Chapter to Subsequent Content; References; Chapter 3: Safety in Hydrate Plug Removal 327 $a3.1. Two Safety Case Studies3.1.1 Case Study 1: One-Sided Depressurization; 3.1.1.1 The Cause and Effect of Hydrate Projectiles; 3.1.1.2 Predicting Plug Projectile Effects; 3.1.1.2.1 Example Calculation; 3.1.1.3 The Effect of Multiple Plugs; 3.1.2 Case Study 2: Heating a Plug; 3.2. Common Circumstances of Plug Formation and Plug Removal Safety; 3.2.1 Common Circumstances of Plug Formation; 3.2.2 Plug Removal Safety Recommendations; 3.3. Relationship of Chapter to Subsequent Content; References; Chapter 4: How Hydrate Plugs Are Remediated; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Safety Concerns 327 $a4.3. Blockage Identification4.3.1 Determining Cause of Blockage; 4.4. Locating Blockage; 4.5. Determining Blockage Size; 4.6. Blockage Removal Options; 4.6.1 Pressure; 4.6.2 Chemical; 4.6.3 Mechanical; 4.6.4 Thermal; 4.6.4.1 Heated Bundle; 4.6.4.2 Electrical Heating; 4.6.4.3 Heating Tent; 4.6.4.4 Mud or Fluid Circulation; 4.6.4.5 External Heat Tracing; 4.6.4.6 Guiding Principles for Thermal Remediation; 4.7. Removal Strategies; 4.7.1 Pipelines/Flowlines Strategy; 4.7.1.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.1.2 Detailed Discussion of Pipelines/Flowlines Strategy; 4.7.1.2.1 Pressure Method 327 $a4.7.1.2.2 Chemical Management4.7.1.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.1.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.7.2 Wells Strategy; 4.7.2.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.2.2 Detailed Discussion of Well Strategy; 4.7.2.2.1 Pressure Method; 4.7.2.2.2 Chemical Method; 4.7.2.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.2.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.7.3 Risers Strategy; 4.7.3.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.3.2 Detailed Discussion of Riser Strategy; 4.7.3.2.1 Pressure Method; 4.7.3.2.2 Chemical Method; 4.7.3.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.3.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.8. Case Studies; 4.8.1 Export Pipeline (BP Pompano) 327 $a4.8.1.1 Strategy Employed to Dissociate the Plug 330 $aWith millions of kilometres of onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines in service around the world, pipelines are the life's blood of the world. Notorious for disrupting natural gas production or transmission, the formation of natural gas hydrates can cost a company hundreds of millions and lead to catastrophic equipment breakdowns and safety and health hazards. Written by an international group of experts, Natural gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance provide an expert overview of the practice and theory in natural gas hydrates, with applications primarily in flow assurance. Compact and easy t 606 $aPetroleum pipelines$xFluid dynamics 606 $aNatural gas$xHydrates 606 $aOffshore oil well drilling$xAccidents$xPrevention 606 $aGas flow 606 $aNatural gas in submerged lands 615 0$aPetroleum pipelines$xFluid dynamics. 615 0$aNatural gas$xHydrates. 615 0$aOffshore oil well drilling$xAccidents$xPrevention. 615 0$aGas flow. 615 0$aNatural gas in submerged lands. 676 $a622/.33819 701 $aSloan$b E. Dendy$f1944-$01823918 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911004740803321 996 $aNatural gas hydrates in flow assurance$94390862 997 $aUNINA