LEADER 03819oam 2200613zu 450 001 9911002568803321 005 20250625112718.0 010 $a0-271-04376-8 010 $a0-585-27888-1 024 7 $a10.1515/9780585278889 035 $a(CKB)111004366645306 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000260881 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12022689 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000260881 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10257038 035 $a(PQKB)10978639 035 $a(NjHacI)99111004366645306 035 $a(DE-B1597)583886 035 $a(OCoLC)1266228624 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780585278889 035 $a(Perlego)4395401 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6224675 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366645306 100 $a20160829d1999 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTrade in strangers: the beginnings of mass migration to North America 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cPennsylvania State University Press$d1999 215 $a1 online resource (xxx, 319 pages) $cillustrations, maps 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-271-01832-1 311 08$a0-271-01833-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 $aAmerican historians have long been fascinated by the ";peopling"; of North America in the seventeenth century. Who were the immigrants, and how and why did they make their way across the ocean? Most of the attention, however, has been devoted to British immigrants who came as free people or as indentured servants (primarily to New England and the Chesapeake) and to Africans who were forced to come as slaves. Trade in Strangers focuses on the eighteenth century, when new immigrants began to flood the colonies at an unprecedented rate. Most of these immigrants were German and Irish, and they were coming primarily to the middle colonies via an increasingly sophisticated form of transport.Wokeck shows how first the German system of immigration, and then the Irish system, evolved from earlier, haphazard forms into modern mass transoceanic migration. At the center of this development were merchants on both sides of the Atlantic who organized a business that enabled them to make profitable use of underutilized cargo space on ships bound from Europe to the British North American colonies. This trade offered German and Irish immigrants transatlantic passage on terms that allowed even people of little and modest means to pursue opportunities that beckoned in the New World.Trade in Strangers fills an important gap in our knowledge of America's immigration history. The eighteenth-century changes established a model for the better-known mass migrations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which drew wave after wave of Europeans to the New World in the hope of making a better life than the one they left behind-a story that is familiar to most modern Americans. 606 $aEmigration and immigration$vBibliography 606 $aImmigrants$zUnited States$vBiography 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y17th century 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y18th century 607 $aGermany$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y17th century 607 $aGermany$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y18th century 607 $aIreland$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y17th century 607 $aIreland$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y18th century 615 0$aEmigration and immigration 615 0$aImmigrants 676 $a304.87304309033 700 $aWokeck$b Marianne S$01654742 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911002568803321 996 $aTrade in strangers$94006776 997 $aUNINA