LEADER 07296oam 2200649 a 450 001 9910974340503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9798400689246 010 $a9780313000966 010 $a0313000964 024 7 $a10.5040/9798400689246 035 $a(CKB)111056485430192 035 $a(OCoLC)55002848 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10018001 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000207846 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11201415 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000207846 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10238475 035 $a(PQKB)10989552 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3000643 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10018001 035 $a(OCoLC)929144701 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3000643 035 $a(OCoLC)42921407 035 $a(DLC)BP9798400689246BC 035 $a(Perlego)4202168 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111056485430192 100 $a19991123e20002024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aNanking $eanatomy of an atrocity /$fMasahiro Yamamoto 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWestport, Conn. :$cPraeger,$d2000. 210 2$aLondon :$cBloomsbury Publishing,$d2024 215 $a1 online resource (367 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780275969042 311 08$a0275969045 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [307]-343) and index. 327 $aCover -- NANKING -- Contents -- Illustrations -- MAPS -- CHARTS -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- NOTES -- 1 What Causes War Atrocities: A Historical Analysis -- HISTORY OF WAR ATROCITIES -- From Ancient Time to Napoleonic Wars -- 19th Century -- Hague Convention and World War I -- ATROCITIES IN ASIA -- Chinese Military Conduct through the 19th Century -- Japanese Military Conduct through the 19th Century -- Massacre at Port Arthur -- NOTES -- 2 The Battle of Shanghai and the Prelude to Nanking -- THE OUTBREAK OF THE SECOND SINO-JAPANESE WAR AND THE BATTLE OF SHANGHAI -- JAPANESE ARMY'S MARCH TO NANKING -- FALL OF NANKING -- NOTES -- 3 Nanking: Analysis of Military Actions and Number of Victims -- CASUALTIES FOR WHICH THE CHINESE FORCES WERE RESPONSIBLE -- COMBAT CASUALTIES -- EXECUTION OF PLAINCLOTHES SOLDIERS, POWS, AND MEN OF CONSCRIPTION AGE -- Cases of the SEF: Mass Surrenders and Mass Executions -- Cases of Tenth Army: Sporadic Killings -- TOTAL NUMBER OF VICTIMS -- NOTES -- 4 Nanking: Analysis of Individually Committed Crimes and Nature of Atrocities -- CRIMES INDIVIDUALLY COMMITTED -- Murder -- Disorder and Looting -- Incendiarism -- Rape -- NATURE AND CAUSES OF ATROCITIES IN NANKING -- Execution of Plainclothes Soldiers, POWs, and Men of Conscription Age -- Crimes Individually Committed -- Historical Analysis -- NOTES -- 5 Aftermath and Reaction until 1945 -- JAPAN -- CHINA -- THE WEST (ESPECIALLY THE UNITED STATES) -- NOTES -- 6 War Crimes Trials -- CHINESE PREPARATIONS FOR WAR CRIMES TRIALS -- TRIAL OF TANI HISAO -- TRIAL OF THREE OFFICERS-MUKAI, NODA, AND TANAKA -- TOKYO WAR CRIMES TRIAL -- The Prosecution's Case -- The Case for the Defense -- The Verdict -- The Origins of Controversy -- NOTES -- 7 Sounds of Controversy -- START AND RENEWAL OF CONTROVERSY -- CRITICAL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF REVISIONIST VIEWS. 327 $aCRITICAL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONALIST VIEWS -- THE EMERGENCE OF CENTRIST VIEWS AND THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE DEBATE -- RECENT CHINESE AND WESTERN VIEWS -- NANKING AND THE HOLOCAUST: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS -- SUMMARY OF THE RAPE OF NANKING DEBATE: ANALOGY WITH A COURT OF LAW -- NOTES -- Conclusion -- NOTES -- Appendix A: Japanese and Chinese Forces in Nanking -- JAPANESE ARMY UNITS IN NANKING -- Central China Area Army [Matsui Iwane] -- CHINESE ARMY UNITS IN NANKING -- Nanking Garrison Force [T'ang Sheng-chih (Wade-Giles)/ Tang Shengzhi (Pinyin)] -- Appendix B: Burial Statistics of Red Swastika Society in Nanking -- Appendix C: Burial Records of Ch'ung-shan-t'ang -- Appendix D: Civilian Losses Based on Smythe's Data -- Bibliography -- PUBLISHED COLLECTIONS OF PRIMARY MATERIALS -- UNPUBLISHED COLLECTIONS OF PRIMARY MATERIALS -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN ENGLISH (1): CORRESPONDENCE AND REPORTS -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN ENGLISH (2): IMTFE DOCUMENTS -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN JAPANESE (1): DIPLOMATIC RECORDS -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN JAPANESE (2): MILITARY RECORDS [IN THE ORDER OF COMMAND SUPERIORITY] -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN CHINESE (1): MILITARY RECORDS -- ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN CHINESE (2): WAR CRIMES TRIALS -- DIARIES AND PRIVATE TESTIMONIES -- SECONDARY SOURCES: (A) ENGLISH -- SECONDARY SOURCES: (B) FOREIGN LANGUAGES -- NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES -- VIDEOS, INTERNET WEB SITES, AND OTHER SOURCES (ALL WEB PAGE ADDRESSES ARE THOSE AVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF RESEARCH) -- Index -- About the Author. 330 8 $aThe December 1937 incident that has come to be known as the Rape of Nanking is, without doubt, a tragedy that will not soon be forgotten. While acknowledging that a tremendous loss of life occurred, this study challenges the current prevailing notion that the incident was a deliberate, planned effort on the part of the Japanese military and analyzes events to produce an accurate estimate of the scale of the atrocities. Drawing on Chinese, Japanese, and English sources, Yamamoto determines that what happened at Nanking were unfortunate atrocities of conventional war with precedents in both Eastern and Western military history. He concludes that post-war events such as the war crimes trials and the impact of the Holocaust in Europe affected public opinion regarding Nanking and led to a dramatic reinterpretation of events. The Rape of Nanking consisted of two distinct phases: the mass execution of prisoners of war (as well as conscription age men who appeared to be combatants) and the delinquent acts of individual soldiers. The first phase, which occurred immediately after Nanking's fall and which claimed most of the atrocity victims, was the result of the Japanese military's attempt to clear the city of Chinese soldiers thought to be in plain clothes. The second phase, which lasted approximately six weeks, was horrible, but resulted in a much smaller number of fatalities. It was characterized by numerous criminal acts, ranging from rape and murder to arson and theft, committed by unrestrained Japanese soldiers. The root cause for both phases was the Japanese military's bureaucratic inefficiency and command irresponsibility. While both Chinese and American contemporary sources initially attributed the incident to these causes, subsequent Japanese atrocities against both military and civilian Allied personnel during World War II and evidence presented at war crimes trials would come to reshape perceptions of the Nanking events as an Asian counterpart to the Nazi Holocaust. 606 $aNanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 607 $aNanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China)$xHistory 615 0$aNanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937. 676 $a951/.136 700 $aYamamoto$b Masahiro$f1959-$01795201 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 801 2$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910974340503321 996 $aNanking$94336307 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02990nam 22007215 450 001 9910261113503321 005 20190906095518.0 010 $a9783110876376 010 $a311087637X 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110876376 035 $a(CKB)3390000000033937 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001055781 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11606625 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001055781 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11013637 035 $a(PQKB)10001620 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3044122 035 $a(DE-B1597)51980 035 $a(OCoLC)1013963452 035 $a(OCoLC)853258908 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110876376 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/51104 035 $a(Perlego)1158239 035 $a(oapen)doab51104 035 $a(BIP)30764101 035 $a(EXLCZ)993390000000033937 100 $a20190906d2013 fg 101 0 $ager 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aDie Kirchen unter dem Grundgesetz. Führung und Organisation der Streitkräfte im demokratisch-parlamentarischen Staat $eAussprache zu den Berichten in den Verhandlungen der Tagung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer zu Frankfurt am Main vom 4. bis 7. Oktober 1967 205 $a1968. Reprint 2013 210 $cDe Gruyter$d1968 210 1$aBerlin ;$aBoston : $cDe Gruyter, $d[2013] 210 4$d©1968 215 $a1 online resource (326 pages) 225 0 $aVeröffentlichungen der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer ;$v26 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9783111777122 311 08$a311177712X 311 08$a9783110060270 311 08$a3110060272 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tInhalt -- $tEröffnung der Tagung am 5. Oktober 1967 -- $tErster Beratungsgegenstand: Die Kirchen unter dem Grundgesetz -- $tZweiter Beratungsgegenstand: Führung und Organisation der Streitkräfte im demokratisch-parlamentarischen Staat -- $tVerzeichnis der Redner -- $tVerzeichnis der Mitglieder der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer -- $tSatzung 330 $aKeine ausfu?hrliche Beschreibung fu?r "Die Kirchen unter dem Grundgesetz. Fu?hrung und Organisation der Streitkra?fte im demokratisch-parlamentarischen Staat" verfu?gbar. 606 $aEcclesiastical law$zGermany (West) 606 $aChurch and state$zGermany (West) 607 $aGermany (West)$xArmed Forces 615 0$aEcclesiastical law 615 0$aChurch and state 676 $a262.9 686 $aBR 8100$2rvk 701 $aHeckel$b Martin$0230087 701 $aHollerbach$b Alexander$0230091 701 $aQuaritsch$b Helmut$0236869 701 $aUnruh$b Georg Ch. von$0995750 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910261113503321 996 $aDie Kirchen unter dem Grundgesetz. Führung und Organisation der Streitkräfte im demokratisch-parlamentarischen Staat$92281669 997 $aUNINA