LEADER 01400oam 2200457zu 450 001 9910141247303321 005 20241212220131.0 010 $a9781612841816 010 $a1612841813 024 7 $a10.1109/FSKD18083.2011 035 $a(CKB)2670000000120609 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000669378 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12209334 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000669378 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10709213 035 $a(PQKB)10703324 035 $a(NjHacI)992670000000120609 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000120609 100 $a20160829d2011 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$a2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cIEEE$d2011 215 $a1 online resource 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9781612841809 311 08$a1612841805 606 $aExpert systems (Computer science)$vCongresses 606 $aFuzzy systems$vCongresses 615 0$aExpert systems (Computer science) 615 0$aFuzzy systems 676 $a006.33 702 $aIEEE Staff 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aPROCEEDING 912 $a9910141247303321 996 $a2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery$92494655 997 $aUNINA LEADER 07920nam 2200637 a 450 001 9910974007203321 005 20251116140749.0 010 $a9786610192106 010 $a9781280192104 010 $a1280192100 010 $a9780309589802 010 $a0309589800 010 $a9780585002514 010 $a0585002517 035 $a(CKB)110986584751898 035 $a(OCoLC)42328537 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055222 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000097053 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11130841 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000097053 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10114651 035 $a(PQKB)11722691 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376217 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055222 035 $a(OCoLC)923262001 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376217 035 $a(Perlego)4739985 035 $a(BIP)47377451 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751898 100 $a19961202d1997 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAda and beyond $esoftware policies for the Department of Defense /$fCommittee on the Past and Present Contexts for the Use of Ada in the Department of Defense, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1997 215 $a1 online resource (113 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309055970 311 08$a0309055970 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 69-72). 327 $aAda and Beyond -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- WHAT SHOULD THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DO ABOUT THE ADA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? -- CONTEXT AND TRENDS -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Ada Competitive Advantage -- Applicability of Policy to DOD Domains -- Scope of Policy -- Policy Implementation -- Investment in Ada -- Software Metrics Data -- WHAT THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SHOULD DO ABOUT ADA -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- 1 The Changing Context for DOD Software Development -- GROWTH IN THE COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE INDUSTRY -- OBSTACLES TO BROAD ADOPTION OF ADA -- Low Commercial Awareness and Limited Sponsorship -- Limited Extent of Academic Instruction in Ada -- Limited Availability of Ada Tools and Compilers -- Assumption That Ada Has to Control Everything -- Need for Ada-compatible Application Programming Interfaces -- Labor Market Forces -- DOD PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE POLICY -- Policy History -- Ada's Place in Current DOD Programming Language Policy -- Implementation of Policy on Waivers -- Importance of Appropriate Expertise -- Level of Applicability -- Implications -- DOD INVESTMENT STRATEGY -- SUMMARY OF ADA TRENDS -- CRITICAL QUESTIONS -- NOTES -- 2 Software Engineering and the Role of Ada in DOD Systems -- SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROCESS AND ARCHITECTURE -- Economics of Software Engineering -- Reducing the Complexity of Software Products -- Improving Software Processes -- Influence of Software Environments, Tools, and Languages on the Software Engineering Process -- TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF ADA 95 AND OTHER THIRD-GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES -- AVAILABLE COMPARISONS OF ADA 83 AND OTHER THIRD-GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES -- Analyses of Language Features -- Comparisons of Empirical Data -- Anecdotal Experience from Projects -- THE NEED TO INSTITUTE COLLECTION OF DATA FOR SOFTWARE METRICS -- NOTES. 327 $a3 DOD Software Policy: Analysis and Recommendations -- POLICY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA RELEVANT TO MEETING THEM -- Relating Criteria to Objectives -- Critical Criteria in DOD's Selection of a Programming Language -- Warfighting and Commercially Dominated Applications -- Warfighting Applications -- Commercially Dominated Applications -- ADA BUSINESS-CASE ANALYSIS -- Criteria for Evaluation of Ada -- Software Size -- Process -- Environment -- Personnel -- High Assurance and Real-Time Performance -- Ease of Change -- Socio-Technical Infrastructure -- Conclusions -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Ada Competitive Advantage -- Applicability of Policy to DOD Domains -- Scope of Policy -- Policy Implementation -- Investment in Ada -- Software Metrics Data -- ASSESSMENT OF POLICY ALTERNATIVES -- Conditions for Requiring Ada -- Application Subsystem Is in the Warfighting Sector -- Maintenance Is Directed by DOD -- Subsystem Is Critical or Larger Than 10, 000 Lines of Code -- No Better COTS, NDI, or 4GL Solution Exists -- No Life-cycle Cost-effectiveness Consideration Justifies Use of Another Language -- Ada Requirement -- 95 Percent or More of the Subsystem 's Warfighting Software Is to Be Written in Ada -- Language Choice Process -- Replace the Waiver Approval Process with Other DOD Software Reviews -- Reconsider the Level at Which Waivers Can Be Approved -- Investment in Ada Infrastructure -- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT IN ADA INFRASTRUCTURE -- NOTES -- 4 Implementation of Recommended DOD Software Policy -- RECOMMENDED POLICY FOR CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE -- Goals of Software Development -- Guidelines for Choice of Programming Language -- Recommended Policy for Requiring the Use of the Ada Programming Language -- SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PLAN REVIEW PROCESS -- Policy Framework -- Stakeholder Role -- Approval Authority and Milestones. 327 $aSubmission of Software Engineering Plans -- Software Engineering Codes -- NOTES -- 5 Implementation of Recommended Strategy for Investment in Ada -- GOALS OF THE INVESTMENT STRATEGY -- ADA INVESTMENT STRATEGY -- Language Maintenance and Enhancement -- Support for Ada Compilers, Tools, and Application Programming Interfaces -- Curriculum Development -- Centralized Support Organization -- DETAILED PLAN FOR INVESTMENTS IN ADA TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPORT -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Bibliography -- Appendixes -- Appendix A DOD Draft Software Management Policy Directive with Further Modifications Suggested by t... -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPOSED TEMPLATE FOR DOD DIRECTIVE ON SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT -- Appendix B Technical Descriptions of Ada and Other Third-Generation Programming Languages -- ADA 83 -- ADA 95 -- C -- C++ -- JAVA -- DOMAIN-SPECIFIC COMPARISON -- Appendix C -- Appendix D Detailed Comparisons of Ada and Other Third-Generation Programming Languages -- EVALUATIONS OF LANGUAGE FEATURES -- PROJECT EVALUATION DATA -- Open-Source Data -- Proprietary Data -- Cost -- Delivered Defects -- Reliability -- Productivity -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix E Briefings and Position Papers Received by the Committee -- BRIEFINGS -- POSITION PAPERS. 330 $aThe Ada programming language was created by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) nearly two decades ago to provide a general-purpose programming language for defense and commercial use, but has evolved into a niche solution for safety-critical systems, primarily in defense applications. Ada and Beyond presents an approach for the DOD to move beyond the debate over its policy that requires the use of Ada for all new software development. It describes the importance of the software engineering process and recommends to DOD mechanisms for more effective review of software development and improved collection of data on software project outcomes. The volume also analyzes the technical, empirical, and business cases for using Ada and other programming languages, makes recommendations regarding the appropriate conditions under which DOD should continue to require the use of Ada, and details activities that require funding by DOD in order for Ada to remain a viable programming language. 606 $aAda (Computer program language) 615 0$aAda (Computer program language) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910974007203321 996 $aAda and beyond$94366771 997 $aUNINA