LEADER 06219nam 2201129Ia 450 001 9910783315903321 005 20221222201121.0 010 $a0-520-94039-3 010 $a1-59734-590-3 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520940390 035 $a(CKB)1000000000030726 035 $a(EBL)227292 035 $a(OCoLC)475933518 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000145622 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11158342 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000145622 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10182208 035 $a(PQKB)10515083 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC227292 035 $a(DE-B1597)519147 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520940390 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL227292 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10075624 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000030726 100 $a20040701d2005 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||#|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEmancipation betrayed$b[electronic resource] $ethe hidden history of Black organizing and white violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the bloody election of 1920 /$fPaul Ortiz 210 $aBerkeley $cUniversity of California Press$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (433 p.) 225 0 $aAmerican Crossroads ;$v16 300 $a"George Gund Foundation imprint in African American studies." 311 0 $a0-520-25003-6 311 0 $a0-520-23946-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of Illustrations --$tList of Tables --$tPreface: Election Day in Florida --$tAcknowledgments --$tPrologue: Slavery and Civil War --$t1. The Promise Of Reconstruction --$t2. The Struggle To Save Democracy --$t3. We Are In The Hands Of The Devil --$t4. To Gain These Fruits That Have Been Earned --$t5. To See That None Suffer --$t6. Looking For A Free State To Live In --$t7. Echoes Of Emancipation --$t8. With Babies In Their Arms --$t9. Election Day, 1920 --$tConclusion: Legacies Of The Florida Movement --$tNotes --$tSelected Bibliography --$tIndex 330 $aIn this penetrating examination of African American politics and culture, Paul Ortiz throws a powerful light on the struggle of black Floridians to create the first statewide civil rights movement against Jim Crow. Concentrating on the period between the end of slavery and the election of 1920, Emancipation Betrayed vividly demonstrates that the decades leading up to the historic voter registration drive of 1919-20 were marked by intense battles during which African Americans struck for higher wages, took up arms to prevent lynching, forged independent political alliances, boycotted segregated streetcars, and created a democratic historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Contrary to previous claims that African Americans made few strides toward building an effective civil rights movement during this period, Ortiz documents how black Floridians formed mutual aid organizations-secret societies, women's clubs, labor unions, and churches-to bolster dignity and survival in the harsh climate of Florida, which had the highest lynching rate of any state in the union. African Americans called on these institutions to build a statewide movement to regain the right to vote after World War I. African American women played a decisive role in the campaign as they mobilized in the months leading up to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. The 1920 contest culminated in the bloodiest Election Day in modern American history, when white supremacists and the Ku Klux Klan violently, and with state sanction, prevented African Americans from voting. Ortiz's eloquent interpretation of the many ways that black Floridians fought to expand the meaning of freedom beyond formal equality and his broader consideration of how people resist oppression and create new social movements illuminate a strategic era of United States history and reveal how the legacy of legal segregation continues to play itself out to this day. 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xPolitics and government$y19th century 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xPolitics and government$y20th century 606 $aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights$zFlorida$xHistory 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xSocial conditions 606 $aRacism$zFlorida$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aRacism$zFlorida$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aViolence$zFlorida$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aViolence$zFlorida$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aFlorida$xRace relations 607 $aFlorida$xPolitics and government$y1865-1950 610 $a19th amendment. 610 $a19th century american history. 610 $a20th century american history. 610 $aafrican american culture. 610 $aafrican american politics. 610 $ablack floridians. 610 $acivil rights movement. 610 $acivil war. 610 $aelection day. 610 $aemancipation. 610 $ahigher wages. 610 $ahistorical memory. 610 $ahistorical. 610 $ajim crow era. 610 $akkk. 610 $aku klux klan. 610 $alabor unions. 610 $alynching. 610 $amutual aid organizations. 610 $aoppression. 610 $apolitics. 610 $areconstruction. 610 $aretrospective. 610 $asegregated streetcars. 610 $aslavery. 610 $asocial movements. 610 $astrikes. 610 $aunited states of america. 610 $avoter registration drive. 610 $awhite supremacists. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights$xHistory. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aRacism$xHistory 615 0$aRacism$xHistory 615 0$aViolence$xHistory 615 0$aViolence$xHistory 676 $a305.896/0730759/09034 700 $aOrtiz$b Paul$f1964-$01467812 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910783315903321 996 $aEmancipation betrayed$93678655 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04560nam 22009015 450 001 9910973519803321 005 20230810154929.0 010 $a9786611364380 010 $a9781281364388 010 $a128136438X 010 $a9781403979100 010 $a1403979103 024 7 $a10.1057/9781403979100 035 $a(CKB)1000000000342759 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000102451 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11126782 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000102451 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10050168 035 $a(PQKB)11724599 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-4039-7910-0 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL308188 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10135443 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL136438 035 $a(OCoLC)560462167 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC308188 035 $a(Perlego)3497065 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000342759 100 $a20151210d2005 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe American State Normal School $eAn Instrument of Great Good /$fby C. Ogren 205 $a1st ed. 2005. 210 1$aNew York :$cPalgrave Macmillan US :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2005. 215 $a1 online resource (320 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9781403968388 311 08$a1403968381 311 08$a9781403968371 311 08$a1403968373 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: "It Wasn't Much of a College" -- Part I Early Normal Schools, 1840s-1860s -- 1 "To Awaken the Conscience": Establishing Teacher Education and State Normal Schools -- Part II The Heyday of the State Normal School, 1870s-1900s -- 2 "The Masses and Not the Classes": A Tradition of Welcoming Nontraditional Students -- 3 "Substantial Branches of Learning" and "A Higher Degree of Culture": Academic Studies and Intellectual Life -- 4 Teacher Education: Breathing "The Ozone of Teaching" -- 5 "Noble" Men and "Not Necessarily Bloomer Women": The Public Sphere, Gender Attitudes, and Life Choices -- Epilogue: "Lots of Pep! Lots of Steam!" -- Epilogue: "Lots of Pep! Lots of Steam!" -- Appendix: State Normal Schools in the United States -- Abbreviations of Archival Collections -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z. 330 $aThe American State Normal School is the first comprehensive history of the state normal schools in the United States. Although nearly two-hundred state colleges and regional universities throughout the U.S. began as 'normal' schools, the institutions themselves have buried their history, and scholars have largely overlooked them. As these institutions later became state colleges and/or regional universities, they distanced themselves from the low status of elementary-literally erasing physical evidence of their normal-school past. In doing so, they buried the rich history of generations of students for whom attending normal school was an enriching, and sometimes life-changing experience. Focusing on these students, the first wave of 'non-traditional' students in higher education, The American State Normal School is a much-needed re-examination of the state normal school.This book was subject of an annual History of Education Society panel for best new books in the field. 606 $aEducation$xHistory 606 $aEducation, Higher 606 $aGeology 606 $aChemistry, Organic 606 $aEducation and state 606 $aEmergency medical services 606 $aHistory of Education 606 $aHigher Education 606 $aGeology 606 $aOrganic Chemistry 606 $aEducation Policy 606 $aEmergency Services 615 0$aEducation$xHistory. 615 0$aEducation, Higher. 615 0$aGeology. 615 0$aChemistry, Organic. 615 0$aEducation and state. 615 0$aEmergency medical services. 615 14$aHistory of Education. 615 24$aHigher Education. 615 24$aGeology. 615 24$aOrganic Chemistry. 615 24$aEducation Policy. 615 24$aEmergency Services. 676 $a370.09 700 $aOgren$b Christine A$01791266 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910973519803321 996 $aThe American State Normal School$94328391 997 $aUNINA