LEADER 06320oam 2200481K 450 001 9910972558303321 005 20251116190330.0 010 $a1-000-20121-X 010 $a0-429-27776-8 010 $a1-000-20131-7 035 $a(CKB)4100000011384739 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6288291 035 $a(OCoLC)1183911518$z(OCoLC)1203125502 035 $a(OCoLC-P)1183911518 035 $a(FlBoTFG)9780429277764 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011384739 100 $a20200825d2020 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDemocratization of expertise $ehow cognitive systems will revolutionize your life /$fRon Fulbright 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aBoca Raton FL :$cCRC Press,$d[2020] 215 $a1 online resource 311 08$a0-367-22964-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1. When Things Become Democratized -- 1.1 Adoption of Technology -- 1.2 Revolutions -- 1.3 The Nature of Revolutions -- 1.4 The Cognitive Systems Revolution -- 2. The Coming Cognitive Augmentation Era -- 2.1 Deep Learning/Machine Learning -- 2.2 Big Data -- 2.3 Internet of Things -- 2.4 Natural Language Interfaces -- 2.5 Open Source AI -- 2.6 Cloud-Based Services -- 2.7 Social Media -- 2.8 The Connected Age -- 2.9 The Cognitive Systems Era -- 3. A Brief History of Human Augmentation -- 3.1 Technology Creates New Kinds of Workers -- 3.2 Human Cognitive Augmentation -- 3.3 The Human/Cog Ensemble -- 3.4 The Cognitive Process -- 3.5 Cognitive Work and the Augmentation Factor -- 3.6 Cognitive Power -- 3.7 Cognitive Accuracy and Cognitive Precision -- 3.8 Levels of Cognitive Augmentation -- 3.9 Summary -- 4. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence -- 4.1 The Dartmouth Conference -- 4.2 Milestones in Artificial Intelligence -- 4.3 Machine Learning -- 4.4 Game Playing in Artificial Intelligence -- 4.5 Chatbots -- 5. The Nature of Expertise -- 5.1 The Turing Test and Searle's Chinese Room -- 5.2 Chunks -- 5.3 Types of Knowledge and the Knowledge Level -- 5.4 Bloom's Taxonomy -- 6. Cognitive Architectures -- 6.1 Genealogy of Cognitive Architectures -- 6.2 General Problem Solver -- 6.3 Reflexive/Tropistic/Instinctive Agent -- 6.4 Model-Based Reflexive/Hysteretic Agent -- 6.5 Goal-Based/Knowledge-Level Agent (Reasoning Agent) -- 6.6 Utility-Based/Knowledge-Level Agent (Rational Agent) -- 6.7 General Learning Agent (Adaptive Agent) -- 6.8 Evolutionary Agent (Evolving Agent) -- 6.9 EPIC -- 6.10 ACT-R -- 6.11 CLARION -- 6.12 Soar -- 6.13 Soar/Formal Model -- 6.14 Standard Model of the Mind -- 6.15 Subsumption Architecture -- 6.16 Emotion Machine-Model 6. 327 $a6.17 Genesis Architecture -- 7. Synthetic Expertise -- 7.1 Requirements for Expertise -- 7.2 The Knowledge Level Description of Expertise -- 7.3 The Expertise Level -- 7.4 The Expertise Level Description of Expertise -- 7.5 The Model of Expertise -- 7.6 The Soar Architecture for Expertise -- 7.7 Synthetic Expertise: The Human/Cog Ensemble -- 7.8 Composite Activities -- 7.9 Cognitive Augmentation -- 8. Synthetic Teachers -- 8.1 Intelligent Tutoring Systems -- 8.2 Teaching Styles and Pedagogy -- 8.3 The Synthetic Teacher Model -- 8.4 Synthetic vs. Artificial Teachers -- 8.5 Subject-Oriented Teacher Cogs -- 9. Synthetic Friend/Therapist -- 9.1 Conversational Chatbots -- 9.2 The Synthetic Friend Model -- 9.3 Virtual Diaries -- 10. Synthetic Elderly Companions -- 10.1 Elder Models -- 10.2 Activity Models -- 10.3 Emotional/Mood Models -- 10.4 Task Models -- 10.5 Episodic Memory and Diagnostic Conversation -- 10.6 Distributed Sensors -- 10.7 Interactive Smart Mirror Displays -- 10.8 Augmented and Mixed Reality -- 10.9 Gait/Body Language Analysis -- 10.10 Elder Care Research -- 11. Synthetic Colleagues -- 11.1 Enhancing Productivity -- 11.2 Artificial Entertainers, Lawyers, Politicians -- 11.3 The Personal Cog Revolution -- 11.4 The Synthetic Colleague Model -- 11.5 Social and Professional Network Assistant -- 11.6 Conference and Journal Publications and Grants Assistant -- 11.7 Multi-Modal Interface -- 11.8 Publication Finder -- 11.9 Summarizer, Assimilator, State of the Art -- 11.10 Question Answering -- 11.11 New Work Updates -- 11.12 Remote Cog/Cog Collaboration -- 11.13 Semi-Autonomous Learning -- 11.14 Theory Assistant, Idea Explorer -- 11.15 Synthetic Collaboration -- 12. Autonomously Generated Knowledge -- 12.1 Autonomous Knowledge Discovery in Healthcare -- 12.2 Autonomous Knowledge Discovery in Business and Military. 327 $a12.3 Autonomous Knowledge Discovery in Personal Lives -- 12.4 Automated Discovery -- 12.5 Intellectual Property Ownership -- 13. The Democratization of Expertise -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $a"Way we live, work, play, and interact with each other. Throughout human history, the democratization of technology -making a technology available to the masses- has brought about sweeping cultural, social, political, and societal changes. In the last half-century, the democratization of computers, information, the Internet, and social media have revolutionized and transformed our lives. We now stand at the beginning of a new era sure to bring about waves of new revolutions -the cognitive systems era. Until now, humans have done all of the thinking. However, our lives are about to be infused with artificial entities capable of performing high-level cognitive processing previously possible only in the human mind. Systems capable of this kind of "synthetic cognition" will achieve and surpass the level of human experts in almost every field of endeavor. Far from replacing humans, these cognitive systems will be our collaborators, teachers, confidants, colleagues, and companions. The future will belong to those of us who can better partner with these cognitive systems"-- 606 $aArtificial intelligence 615 0$aArtificial intelligence. 676 $a303.48/34 676 $a303.4834 700 $aFulbright$b Ron$01882159 801 0$bOCoLC-P 801 1$bOCoLC-P 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910972558303321 996 $aDemocratization of expertise$94497232 997 $aUNINA