LEADER 03529nam 22005775 450 001 9910972223603321 005 20251117084351.0 010 $a9780300177107 010 $a0300177100 024 7 $a10.12987/9780300177107 035 $a(CKB)2670000000233743 035 $a(EBL)3421020 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000720795 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11377941 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000720795 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10669377 035 $a(PQKB)10048791 035 $a(DE-B1597)485786 035 $a(OCoLC)1024003968 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780300177107 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3421020 035 $a(Perlego)1089740 035 $z(OCoLC)1024003968 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000233743 100 $a20200424h20102010 fg 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Hellfire Clubs /$fEvelyn Lord 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aNew Haven, CT :$cYale University Press,$d[2010] 210 4$dİ2010 215 $a1 online resource (250 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a9780300164022 311 0 $a0300164025 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgements --$tList of Illustrations --$tThe Hell-Fire Clubs Time Line --$tIntroduction --$t1. Prelude to the Fires of Hell --$t2. Gentlemen's Clubs, Journalistic Hacks, the Mohocks and Change --$t3. The Hell-Fire Clubs --$t4. Interlude Abroad: The Grand Tour, Dilettanti and Divans --$t5. The Medmenham Friars --$t6. Essay on Woman: The Friars Exposed --$t7. Public Men and Private Vices --$t8. Scotland and the Fires of Hell --$t9. Beefsteaks, Demoniacs, Dalkey and Colonial America --$tConclusion --$tNotes --$tBibliography --$tIndex 330 $aThe Hell-Fire Clubs scandalized eighteenth-century English society. Rumors of their orgies, recruitment of prostitutes, extensive libraries of erotica, extreme rituals, and initiation ceremonies circulated widely at the time, only to become more sensational as generations passed. This thoroughly researched book sets aside the exaggerated gossip about the secret Hell-Fire Clubs and brings to light the first accurate portrait of their membership (including John Wilkes, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Prince of Wales), beliefs, activities, and the reasons for their proliferation, first in the British Isles and later in America, possibly under the auspices of Benjamin Franklin. Hell-Fire Clubs operated under a variety of titles, but all attracted similar members-mainly upper-class men with abundant leisure and the desire to shock society. The book explores the social and economic context in which the clubs emerged and flourished; their various phases, which first involved violence as an assertion of masculinity, then religious blasphemy, and later sexual indulgence; and the countermovement that eventually suppressed them. Uncovering the facts behind the Hell-Fire legends, this book also opens a window on the rich contradictions of the Enlightenment period. 606 $aSecret societies$xHistory$y18th century$zGreat Britain 607 $aGreat Britain$xSocial life and customs$y18th century 615 0$aSecret societies$xHistory 676 $a366.094109033 700 $aLord$b Evelyn$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0861439 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910972223603321 996 $aThe Hellfire Clubs$94364525 997 $aUNINA