LEADER 03487nam 2200613 a 450 001 9910454621803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-30018-7 010 $a9786611300180 010 $a0-309-11419-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000714254 035 $a(EBL)3378334 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000276629 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12097776 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000276629 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10226133 035 $a(PQKB)10071591 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3378334 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3378334 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10225176 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL130018 035 $a(OCoLC)923278597 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000714254 100 $a20081107d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aAchievements of the National Plant Genome Initiative and new horizons in plant biology$b[electronic resource] /$fCommittee on the National Plant Genome Initiative: Achievements and Future Directions, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academies Press$d2008 215 $a1 online resource (182 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-309-11418-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $a""Front Matter""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Assessment""; ""3 Recommendations and Goals: New Horizons in Plant Genomics""; ""Glossary""; ""References""; ""Appendixes""; ""A: Committee Biographies""; ""B: Publications in Genomics of the Top 40 Most-Cultivated Crops""; ""C: Questionnaire to Lead Principal Investigators of NPGI Grants""; ""D: Workshop on the National Plant Genome Initiative (Agenda)""; ""E: Summary of Grants Given by the National Plant Genome Initiative"" 327 $a""F: List of Websites That Lead Principal Investigators of NPGI Grants Reported as the Top Five Websites Used for NPGI Research""""G: Impact Factor of Journals in Which Awardees of NPGI Grants Published Their Articles""; ""H: NPGI-Funded K-12 Outreach Activities with Broad Potential Impact""; ""I: Examples of Joint Call for Proposals and Co-funded Programs by IWG Members""; ""J: Examples of Interactions with Industry and Plant Breeders Reported by Principal Investigators of NPGI""; ""K: Tree Genomics or Molecular Genetics Support Provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service"" 327 $a""L: Number and Type of Mutants Distributed by the National Plant Germplasm System"" 606 $aPlant genomes 606 $aHuman-plant relationships 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPlant genomes. 615 0$aHuman-plant relationships. 676 $a572.862 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S).$bCommittee on the National Plant Genome Initiative: Achievements and Future Directions. 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bBoard on Agriculture and Natural Resources. 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bDivision on Earth and Life Studies. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910454621803321 996 $aAchievements of the National Plant Genome Initiative and new horizons in plant biology$92146825 997 $aUNINA LEADER 09956nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910971650903321 005 20240513085038.0 010 $a9786612904578 010 $a9781282904576 010 $a1282904574 010 $a9789027287670 010 $a9027287678 024 7 $a10.1075/tsl.94 035 $a(CKB)2670000000059503 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000436692 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12184310 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000436692 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10428092 035 $a(PQKB)11463434 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC623357 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL623357 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10432116 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL290457 035 $a(OCoLC)697613633 035 $a(DE-B1597)720866 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789027287670 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000059503 100 $a20100713d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFormal evidence in grammaticalization research /$fedited by An Van linden, Jean-Christophe Verstraete, Kristin Davidse; in collaboration with Hubert Cuyckens 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam $cJohn Benjamins Pub. Co.$d2010 215 $aviii, 344 p. $cill. (some col.) 225 1 $aTypological studies in language,$x0167-7373 ;$vv. 94 300 $aThe present volume finds its origin in the conference "From ideational to interpersonal: Perspectives from grammaticalization" (FITIGRA), held at the University of Leuven from 10 to 12 February 2005. 311 08$a9789027206756 311 08$a9027206759 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and indexes. 327 $aFormal Evidence in Grammaticalization Research -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- References -- On problem areas in grammaticalization: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Form and function -- 3. Grammaticalization and analogy-based learning -- 4. A brief conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Abbreviations -- Grammaticalization within and outside of a domain -- 1. The problem and the scope of this study -- 2. Traditional approaches to grammaticalization -- 3. Grammaticalization outside and within a domain: A model -- 4. Point of view of the subject versus unspecified point of view in Hausa -- 5. Perfective versus habitual aspect in Mupun -- 6. Subject suffixes versus object suffixes in Gidar -- 7. Affirmative versus negative clauses in Gidar -- 8. Unmarked tense versus present in Wandala -- 9. Unmarked tense versus specific past in Wandala -- 10. Locative complement versus direct object marker in Hdi -- 11. Inherently locative versus inherently non-locative goal in Hdi -- 12. A scenario for grammaticalization within a domain -- 13. The directionality of grammaticalization within a domain -- 14. Implications -- 15. Open questions -- References -- Abbreviations -- Delexicalizing di -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies on the development of nominalizer di ~ de -- 3. Delexicalizing di -- 3.1 Etymology and cognates of di -- 3.2 From locative noun to light noun and interrogative pronoun -- 3.3 Intensifier and exclamative functions -- 3.4 Emergence of nominalizer and adnominal uses of di -- 3.5 An attitudinal nominalizer: The rise of sentence-final de -- 4. Another Chinese attitudinal nominalizer - zhe -- 5. Cross-dialectal and cross-linguistic parallels -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Should conditionals be emergent ? -- 1. Interrogatives and conditionals. 327 $a2. The grammaticalization perspective -- 3. Asyndetic conditionals as constructions -- 4. Synchronic discourse basis -- 5. Historical data -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Old English and old high German texts -- Abbreviations -- From manner expression to attitudinal discourse marker -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Type I anders: [+comparative, +phoric] -- 1.2 Type II anders: [-comparative, +phoric] -- 1.3 Type III anders: [-comparative, -phoric] -- 1.4 Outline of the structure -- 2. Identifying intraclausal type I anders -- 2.1 Proportionality -- 2.2 Clefting -- 2.3 Interaction with negation -- 2.3.1 Anders in the scope of negation -- 2.3.2 Anders in initial position of a negative clause -- 3. Identifying strongly interclausal type II anders -- 3.1 Non-applicability of type I criteria -- 3.1.1 Proportionality -- 3.1.2 Clefting -- 3.1.3 Interaction with negation -- 3.2 Accommodation -- 3.2.1 Negative conditionality accommodation -- 3.2.2 Disjunctive accommodation -- 3.2.3 Exceptive accommodation -- 3.3 Interaction with conjunctions -- 4. Identifying weakly interclausal type III anders -- 4.1 Non-applicability of type I criteria -- 4.1.1 Proportionality -- 4.1.2 Clefting -- 4.1.3 Interaction with negation -- 4.2 Non-applicability of type II criteria -- 4.2.1 Accommodation -- 4.2.2 Interaction with conjunctions -- 4.3 Type III anders as an attitudinal discourse marker -- 5. Word order patterns -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 The three types of anders in a broader perspective -- 6.2 From synchronic criteria to grammaticalization parameters/principles -- References -- Appendix: The standard lexicographical analyses of anders -- 1. Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal -- 2. Van Dale Groot woordenboek van de Nederlandse taal -- Grammaticalization and lexicalization effects in participial morphology -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Data. 327 $a1.2 Grammaticalization and lexicalization -- 1.3 Constructional approach -- 2. Old Czech participial adjective -- 3. Case-study -- 3.1 PAs in an event-profiling (predicative) function -- 3.2 Functionally ambiguous PA tokens -- 3.3 PAs in a participant-profiling (modification) function -- 3.3.1 Habitual meanings -- 3.3.2 Resultative meaning -- 3.3.3 Modal extensions: Possibility and purposes/intentions -- 3.3.4 Summary of features in participant-profiling patterns -- 4. Generalizations about partial changes -- 4.1 Grammaticalization vs. lexicalization -- 4.2 Constructional representation of incremental changes -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Abbreviations -- Frequency as a cause of semantic change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Grammatical roles -- 3.2 Frequency as linguistic data -- 4. The history of omae -- 4.1 The locative usage -- 4.2 The third person usage -- 4.3 The second person usage -- 4.4 The distributional patterns of omae -- 5. Frequency as a cause of semantic change -- 6. Lexicalization as a reflection of semantic change -- 7. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Texts -- The role of frequency and prosody in the grammaticalization of Korean -canh- -- 1. Introduction -- 2. From negation to interactive marker -- 2.1 Data and methodology -- 2.2 Frequencies of the long and reduced forms -- 2.3 Collocation frequency -- 3. Grammar and information flow -- 4. Fossilization of a high frequency sequence -- 4.1 Conversation opener: Iss-canha(yo) -- 4.2 A high frequency sequence of -canh- -- 5. Intonation patterns and grammaticalization -- 5.1 Boundary tones of the source and target forms -- 5.2 High and low boundary tones of -canh(a) -- 5.3 Distinct functions of the high boundary tone: -canha [H%] vs. -ci anha [H%] -- 5.4 Intonation, grammaticalization, and intersubjectivity. 327 $a6. Phonological reduction and reanalysis -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Emergence of the indefinite article: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mandarin Chinese: A language without articles? -- 3. The data and preliminary findings -- 4. Distribution over grammatical functions -- 5. Indefinite marking and departure from numeral classifier usage -- 6. Grammaticalization of yige and the emergence of the indefinite article -- 7. Implications and conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- To dare to or not to -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Auxiliarization -- 1.2 The case of dare -- 1.3 Methodological issues -- 2. Dimensions of auxiliarihood -- 2.1 The form of dare: Full verb or auxiliary? -- 2.2 The infinitival complement: Marked or unmarked? -- 3. Beyond (de-)auxiliarization: Influences on infinitival marking -- 3.1 Avoidance of stress clashes -- 3.2 Compensation of syntactic complexity -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Summary -- 4.2 Alternative accounts -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Author index -- Index of languages and language families -- Subject index -- The series Typological Studies in Language. 330 $aThis article revisits the alleged unidirectionality of grammaticalization, focusing on the marginal modal dare, which previous research has discussed as a potential counterexample. Being in its origin a member of the inhomogeneous group of modal auxiliaries, dare has since Early Modern English times developed certain full verb characteristics that would assign it a place near the lexical end of the grammaticalization scale. This study provides detailed corpus data, yielding a complex picture that defies an easy localization of dare on the lexical - grammatical scale: different verb forms of dare have to be distinguished, which appear to occupy different stages of evolution or even tend to drift into opposite directions. The results furthermore point to cross-cutting influences on the marking of dependent infinitives (rhythm, grammatical complexity). 410 0$aTypological studies in language ;$vv. 94. 606 $aGrammar, Comparative and general$xGrammaticalization$vCongresses 615 0$aGrammar, Comparative and general$xGrammaticalization 676 $a415 686 $aET 160$2rvk 701 $aLinden$b An van$f1982-$01801230 701 $aVerstraete$b Jean-Christophe$f1976-$01092381 701 $aDavidse$b Kristin$0175945 701 $aCuyckens$b H$0158477 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910971650903321 996 $aFormal evidence in grammaticalization research$94346361 997 $aUNINA