LEADER 09692nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910971035803321 005 20251116141211.0 010 $a9786610192151 010 $a9781280192159 010 $a1280192151 010 $a9780309596657 010 $a0309596653 010 $a9780585021133 010 $a0585021139 035 $a(CKB)110986584753432 035 $a(OCoLC)42328822 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056988 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000265491 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11210232 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000265491 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10295338 035 $a(PQKB)10768765 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376711 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376711 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056988 035 $a(OCoLC)923265483 035 $a(Perlego)4740391 035 $a(BIP)47105587 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753432 100 $a19960327d1996 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe unpredictable certainty $einformation infrastructure through 2000 /$fNII 2000 Steering Committee, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1996 215 $a1 online resource (297 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309054324 311 08$a030905432X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 235-248). 327 $aThe Unpredictable CERTAINTY -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and Summary -- DEFINING THE NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE -- DRIVING DEPLOYMENT: BUSINESS TRANSITIONS, BUSINESS MODELS -- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INTERNET -- As a Barometer of Potential -- As a Laboratory for Development of Workable Standards -- As a Basis for Critical Flexibility -- As a Vehicle for New Market Structures -- Whither the Internet? -- REALIZING THE NII'S POTENTIAL-THE USER PERSPECTIVE -- DEPLOYMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY -- Access -- Flexibility and Interoperability -- Additional Technology Concerns -- User Interaction with Networked Infrastructure -- PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE OBJECTIVES -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- NOTES -- 2 Making Technology Work: Individual and Organized End Users -- WHO IS THE END USER? -- WHY THE NII MUST REACH THE HOME -- EVOLVING DEMAND FOR NII CAPABILITIES -- THE END USER AS CONSUMER -- ACCESS DEVICES -- The Personal Computer -- The Television -- Advanced Television -- The Telephone and Other Access Devices -- Toward a Fully Integrated Home System -- WHAT INCREASING USE OF GENERAL-ACCESS DEVICES IMPLIES FOR NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT -- High Data Rates to the End Point -- Adequate Bandwidth in Both Directions -- Multiple-Session Capability -- Continuous Availability of Service -- Real-time, Multimedia Communication -- Nomadicity -- Security -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- NOTES -- 3 Where Is the Business Case? -- FACTORS SHAPING INVESTMENT IN INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE -- INVESTMENT IN FACILITIES -- The Problem of How Much Bandwidth to Invest In -- Federal Licenses as an Influence on Deployment of New Wireless Systems -- Investing to Achieve Infrastructure Generality -- FROM FACILITIES TO SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS -- Balancing Investment-Software ''Capital. 327 $aThe Separation of Services from Facilities- Broadening the Potential Content -- THE INTERNET AND ITS USE FOR BUSINESS -- Effects on Provision of Goods and Services -- The Internet-Layering, Incrementalism, and Diversification -- INCREMENTAL INCREASES -- ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERCONNECTION -- ECONOMIC MODELS -- Usage-based Fees for Communications and Information Services -- Embedded or Domain-specific Services -- The Broadcast Model -- End-User Devices Paid for by Consumers -- The Access Subscription Model -- Payment Models and the Internet Phenomenon -- NOTES -- 4 Technology Options and Capabilities: What Does What, How -- THE CHANGING NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS -- HOW TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY ARE CHANGING COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES -- Separation of Infrastructure Facilities and Service Offerings -- Building Services on Each Other -- The Tension Between Supporting Mature and Emerging Services -- RESOLVING THE TENSION: THE INTERNET AS AN EXAMPLE -- The Importance of the Internet -- The Coexistence of New and Mature Services -- CURRENT TECHNOLOGY-EVALUATING THE OPTIONS -- Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Cable -- Fiber to the Curb -- Digital Services and the Telephone Infrastructure -- Data Over the Telephone System -- Asynchronous Transfer Mode -- Local Area Networks -- Wireless -- Broadcasting -- Satellite -- Power Industry as Infrastructure Provider -- The Internet -- Change and Growth -- Transport Infrastructure to Information Infrastructure -- Open Interfaces and Open Standards -- STANDARDS AND INNOVATION IN THE MARKETPLACE -- MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE -- NOTES -- 5 Technology Choices: What Are the Providers Deploying? -- INTRODUCTION -- WIRELINE TELEPHONY -- Summary and Forecasts -- Local Access and the Larger System -- Integrated Services Digital Network -- Telephone Industry Fiber Deployment. 327 $aDemand for Telephone Services -- DATA COMMUNICATIONS -- Summary and Forecasts -- Data Services Provided by Telephone Carriers -- Business Networking -- CABLE TELEVISION AND TELEPHONY: ADVANCED SERVICES TO THE HOME -- Summary and Forecasts -- Advanced Cable and Telephone Services to the Home -- ON-LINE SERVICES AND INTERNET ACCESS FOR CONSUMERS -- Summary and Forecasts -- On-line Services and Internet Access -- WIRELESS AND BROADCAST INFRASTRUCTURE -- Summary and Forecasts -- Wireless Telephony -- Wireless Data Networking -- Terrestrial and Satellite Broadcast Television -- Wireless Cable -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- NOTES -- 6 Public Policy and Private Action -- INTRODUCTION -- Public-Private Engagement -- NII Systems Issues -- DEFINING ROLES FOR GOVERNMENT -- Regulation, Rules, and Norms -- Protecting the NII: Ethics and Mechanisms -- Security, Reliability, and Architecture -- Government as User and Service Provider -- Technology Development Through R& -- D -- Architecture and Networking -- Information Management and Ease of Use -- Standards -- International Issues -- Systems Data and Analysis for NII Assessment -- Government as Convenor -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- Bibliography -- Appendixes -- A Workshop Participants and Agenda -- Participants -- Agenda -- B Forum Participants and Agenda -- Participants -- Forum Agenda -- C Call for White Papers (Abridged) -- Responding To The Call -- Format Requirements Summary -- Computer Science And Telecommunications Board -- White Paper Criteria And Format -- Criteria -- Format -- A. Statement of the Problem -- B. Background (approximately 4 to 5 pages) -- C. Analysis and Forecast (approximately 12 to 15 pages) -- D. Recommendations (approximately 3 to 4 pages) -- E. Additional Resources (optional) -- D White Papers Received -- E NII 2000 Liaisons -- F Letter from Vice President Albert Gore March 6, 1995. 327 $aG Acronyms and Abbreviations Used. 330 $aWe have available an impressive array of information technology. We can transmit literature, movies, music, and talk. Government, businesses, and individuals are eager to go on-line to buy, sell, teach, learn, and more. How, then, should we go about developing an infrastructure for on- line communication among everyone everywhere? The Unpredictable Certainty explores the national information infrastructure (NII) as the collection of all public and private information services. But how and when will the NII become a reality? How will more and better services reach the home, small businesses, and remote locations? The Unpredictable Certainty examines who will finance the NII, exploring how technology companies decide to invest in deployment and the the vain search for "killer apps" (applications that drive markets). It discusses who will pay for ongoing services and how they will pay, looking at past cost/price models relevant to the future. The Unpredictable Certainty discusses the underlying technologies, appliances, and services needed before the NII becomes a reality; reviews key features of important technologies; and analyzes current levels of deployment in telephone, cable and broadcast television, and wireless systems, and the difficulties in interconnection. The volume explores the challenge of open interfaces that stimulate new applications but also facilitate competition, the trend toward the separation of infrastructure from specific services, the tension between mature services and new contenders, the growth of the Internet, and more. The roles governments at different levels might play in fostering NII deployment are outlined, including R&D and the use of information infrastructure for better delivery of government services and information. 606 $aInformation superhighway$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aInformation networks$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aTelecommunication policy$zUnited States 615 0$aInformation superhighway$xGovernment policy 615 0$aInformation networks$xGovernment policy 615 0$aTelecommunication policy 676 $a384/.09 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bNII 2000 Steering Committee. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910971035803321 996 $aThe unpredictable certainty$94357053 997 $aUNINA