LEADER 04255nam 22006494a 450 001 9910970997503321 005 20251017110112.0 010 $a1-280-18369-1 010 $a9786610183692 010 $a0-309-50551-8 035 $a(CKB)111069351127544 035 $a(OCoLC)55641309 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10032358 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000214238 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11173720 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000214238 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10155843 035 $a(PQKB)10756852 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3375171 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3375171 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10032358 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL18369 035 $a(OCoLC)923253968 035 $a(DNLM)1535711 035 $a(BIP)46128180 035 $a(BIP)7972976 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111069351127544 100 $a20020926d2003 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aOil in the sea III $einputs, fates, and effects 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$dc2003 215 $a1 online resource (277 p.) 300 $a"Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, Ocean Studies Board and Marine Board, Divisions of Earth and Life Studies and Transportation Research Board, National Research Council of the National Academies." 311 08$a0-309-08438-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding The Risk -- 3 Input of Oil to the Sea -- 4 Behavior and Fate of Oil -- 5 Biological Effects of Oil Releases -- A Committee and Staff Biographies -- B Definitions and Conversions -- C Natural Seepage of Crude Oil into the Marine Environment -- D Oil and Gas Extraction -- E Inputs of Petroleum Hydrocarbons into the Oceans Due to Transportation Activities -- F Inputs into the Sea from Recreational Marine Vessels -- G Spills from Coastal Facilities -- H Atmospheric Deposition and Air-Sea Exchange of Petroleum Hydrocarbons to the Ocean -- I Estimating Land-based Sources of Oil in the Sea -- J Methods Used To Estimate PAH Loadings to the Marine Environment -- K Regulatory Framework -- Index. 330 $aSince the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the "Exxon Valdez" spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis of--and more effective measures against--pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Input--where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fate--how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effects--what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment. 517 3 $aOil in the sea 3 517 3 $aOil in the sea three 606 $aOil pollution of the sea 606 $aOil pollution of the sea$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aOil pollution of the sea. 615 0$aOil pollution of the sea$xEnvironmental aspects. 676 $a628.1/6833 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970997503321 996 $aOil in the sea III$94446340 997 $aUNINA