LEADER 06033oam 22014414 450 001 9910970784503321 005 20250426110527.0 010 $a9786612842603 010 $a9781462385041 010 $a1462385044 010 $a9781452775302 010 $a1452775303 010 $a9781282842601 010 $a1282842609 010 $a9781451871869 010 $a1451871864 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055206 035 $a(EBL)1608183 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000940079 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11600618 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940079 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10938245 035 $a(PQKB)11155033 035 $a(OCoLC)469106764 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608183 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009038 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2009038 035 $aWPIEA2009038 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055206 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCan the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union Afford to Grow Old? /$fHunter Monroe 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (15 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781451916218 311 08$a1451916213 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Emigration and Sustainability; III. Asset Returns and Portfolio Allocation; IV. Other Age-Related Spending; V. Policy Recommendations; Figures; 1. Demographic Profile, 2005-60; 2. Social Security Reserve Assets per Actuarial Reviews; 3. Countries with the Largest Emigration to OECD, 1970-2000; 4. Estimates of Annual Emigration Rates, 2000; 5. Demographic Profile with Constant Emigration at the Historical OECD Rate, 2005-60; 6. Projected Year of Pension Fund Reserve Asset Depletion; 7. Social Security Reserve Portfolio Asset Allocations 327 $a8. Average Age-Related Expenditure, 2004-069. Costs of Aging, 2006 vs. 2050; References 330 3 $aThe demographic transition in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) now underway is rapid compared with international experience, and emigration is playing a particularly large role. This paper describes and quantifies several factors which could magnify the challenge of pension reform. First, for some ECCU countries, continued emigration at historical rates would considerably advance the projected date at which pension scheme assets are depleted. Second, there is a significant risk that assets will underperform, given the large exposures to the highly-leveraged public sector and to a lesser extent the record with private sector investments. Third, portfolio diversification away from the public sector could be complicated by age-related pressure for greater central government health spending. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/038 606 $aPensions 606 $aCivil service & public sector$2imf 606 $aEconomic sectors$2imf 606 $aEmigration and Immigration$2imf 606 $aEmigration and immigration$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 606 $aFinance, Public$2imf 606 $aFinancial Instruments$2imf 606 $aHealth care spending$2imf 606 $aInstitutional Investors$2imf 606 $aInternational Migration$2imf 606 $aLabor$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMigration$2imf 606 $aMigration, immigration & emigration$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Health$2imf 606 $aNon-bank Financial Institutions$2imf 606 $aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits$2imf 606 $aPension Funds$2imf 606 $aPension spending$2imf 606 $aPensions$2imf 606 $aPopulation and demographics$2imf 606 $aPopulation$2imf 606 $aPrivate Pensions$2imf 606 $aPublic Enterprises$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aPublic sector$2imf 606 $aPublic-Private Enterprises$2imf 606 $aRegional Labor Markets$2imf 606 $aSocial Security and Public Pensions$2imf 606 $aUrban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration$2imf 607 $aAntigua and Barbuda$2imf 615 0$aPensions. 615 7$aCivil service & public sector 615 7$aEconomic sectors 615 7$aEmigration and Immigration 615 7$aEmigration and immigration 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 615 7$aFinance, Public 615 7$aFinancial Instruments 615 7$aHealth care spending 615 7$aInstitutional Investors 615 7$aInternational Migration 615 7$aLabor 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMigration 615 7$aMigration, immigration & emigration 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Health 615 7$aNon-bank Financial Institutions 615 7$aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits 615 7$aPension Funds 615 7$aPension spending 615 7$aPensions 615 7$aPopulation and demographics 615 7$aPopulation 615 7$aPrivate Pensions 615 7$aPublic Enterprises 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aPublic sector 615 7$aPublic-Private Enterprises 615 7$aRegional Labor Markets 615 7$aSocial Security and Public Pensions 615 7$aUrban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration 676 $a332.4;332.497294 700 $aMonroe$b Hunter$01815784 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970784503321 996 $aCan the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union Afford to Grow Old$94372553 997 $aUNINA