LEADER 00702nam0-2200253 --450 001 9910219358503321 005 20171012121704.0 100 $a20171012d1968----kmuy0itay5050 ba 101 0 $aeng 102 $aAU 105 $a 001yy 200 1 $aCone shells of the world$fby J. A. Marsh$gillustrated by O. H. Rippingale 210 $aBrisbane$cJacaranda$d1968 215 $a185 p.$cill.$d29 cm. 610 0 $aConchiglie 700 1$aMarsh,$bJack Albert$0741308 702 1$aRippingale,$bO. H. 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gREICAT$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a9910219358503321 952 $aF V 56$b1866$fGM1 959 $aGM1 996 $aCone shells of the world$91471213 997 $aUNINA LEADER 07380oam 22014534 450 001 9910970780103321 005 20250426110703.0 010 $a9781475565324 010 $a1475565321 010 $a9781484395097 010 $a1484395093 010 $a9781475565195 010 $a1475565194 035 $a(CKB)2550000001255342 035 $a(EBL)1664003 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001181367 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11651441 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001181367 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11144624 035 $a(PQKB)11238569 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1664003 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10857284 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL588116 035 $a(OCoLC)875820423 035 $a(IMF)DESPSEE 035 $a(IMF)DESPSEA 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1664003 035 $a(Perlego)1667382 035 $aDESPSEA 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001255342 100 $a20020129d2014 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEquitable and Sustainable Pensions : $eChallenges and Experience /$fBenedict Clements, Frank Eich, Sanjeev Gupta 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (433 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 08$a9781616359508 311 08$a1616359501 311 08$a9781306568654 311 08$a130656865X 327 $aCover; Contents; Foreword; PART I: THE OUTLOOK FOR PUBLIC PENSION SPENDING AND KEY EQUITY ISSUES; 1 Equitable and Sustainable Pension Systems; 2 Public Pension Spending in Advanced and Emerging Market Economies: Past Trends and Projected Outcomes; PART II: DESIGNING EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE PENSION SYSTEMS; 3 The Role of the Public and Private Sectors in Ensuring Adequate Pensions: Theoretical Considerations; 4 Pension Reform and Equity: The Impact on Poverty of Reducing Pension Benefits; 5 Intergenerational Equity and the Gender Gap in Pension Issues 327 $a6 Attitudes toward the Role of the Family, the Individual, and the State in Providing Retirement Income: Survey Evidence from Emerging East Asia7 Who Will Pay? The Dynamics of Pension Reform and Intergenerational Equity; 8 Is the Egg Basket Worth Its Price? The Fiscal Implications of Pension Privatization in Eastern Europe; PART III: COUNTRY EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES; 9 Pension Reforms and Risks: Challenges for Pension Systems in Advanced European Economies; 10 Pension Reforms in Japan: Options for Fiscal Sustainability; 11 Providing Adequate Old-Age Pensions in the Republic of Korea 327 $a12 Singapore's Pension System: Challenges and Reform Options13 Australian Pensions: An Equitable and Sustainable Arrangement in a Postcrisis World?; 14 Emerging Asia's Public Pension Systems: Challenges and Reform Efforts; 15 Reforming Pensions to Ensure Equitable and Adequate Retirement Incomes in China; 16 India's Pension Reform Initiative; 17 Pension Reform Experience in Indonesia; 18 Latvia's Multipillar Pension System: New Challenges in the Wake of the Economic Crisis; 19 Reforming the Public Pension System in the Russian Federation 327 $a20 Macroeconomic Implications of Pension Reform in BrazilContributors; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W 330 3 $aPension reform is high on the agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies, for many reasons. First, public pensions often constitute a large share of government expenditure. Second, population aging means that reforms would be needed just to keep pension spending from rising in the future. Third, in many economies, low or falling pension coverage will leave large segments of the population without adequate income in old age and at risk of falling into poverty. Although a number of studies have assessed the effects of pension reforms on fiscal sustainability, a systematic analysis of equity issues in pension systems?and how countries have grappled with these issues?has yet to be undertaken. This book brings together the latest research on equity issues related to pension systems and pension reforms in the post-crisis world. Some of the key issues covered include: the effect of pension systems on intergenerational equity and the impact of pension reforms on poverty, the effects of pension reform measures on fiscal sustainability and equity, and the fiscal consequences of achieving different equity goals. It also presents country case studies. The volume provides a rich menu of material to assist policymakers and academic audiences seeking to understand the latest research in this area, as well as the lessons and challenges for the design of reforms. 410 0$aBooks 606 $aPensions 606 $aRetirement income 606 $aLabor$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aDemography$2imf 606 $aPoverty and Homelessness$2imf 606 $aSocial Security and Public Pensions$2imf 606 $aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits$2imf 606 $aPrivate Pensions$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Elderly$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Handicapped$2imf 606 $aNon-labor Market Discrimination$2imf 606 $aRetirement$2imf 606 $aRetirement Policies$2imf 606 $aAggregate Factor Income Distribution$2imf 606 $aPensions$2imf 606 $aPopulation & demography$2imf 606 $aLabour$2imf 606 $aincome economics$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPension spending$2imf 606 $aAging$2imf 606 $aPension reform$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aPopulation and demographics$2imf 606 $aPopulation aging$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aWages$2imf 606 $aPoverty$2imf 606 $aIncome economics$2imf 607 $aSingapore$2imf 615 0$aPensions. 615 0$aRetirement income. 615 7$aLabor 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aDemography 615 7$aPoverty and Homelessness 615 7$aSocial Security and Public Pensions 615 7$aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits 615 7$aPrivate Pensions 615 7$aEconomics of the Elderly 615 7$aEconomics of the Handicapped 615 7$aNon-labor Market Discrimination 615 7$aRetirement 615 7$aRetirement Policies 615 7$aAggregate Factor Income Distribution 615 7$aPensions 615 7$aPopulation & demography 615 7$aLabour 615 7$aincome economics 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPension spending 615 7$aAging 615 7$aPension reform 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aPopulation and demographics 615 7$aPopulation aging 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aWages 615 7$aPoverty 615 7$aIncome economics 676 $a331.252 700 $aClements$b Benedict$0122914 701 $aEich$b Frank$01812471 701 $aGupta$b Sanjeev$0257292 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970780103321 996 $aEquitable and Sustainable Pensions$94364906 997 $aUNINA