LEADER 03081nam 2200625 450 001 9910806124303321 005 20230803204458.0 010 $a1-315-59893-0 010 $a1-317-08554-X 010 $a1-317-08553-1 010 $a1-4094-4855-X 035 $a(CKB)3710000000225006 035 $a(EBL)1774210 035 $a(OCoLC)889675670 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001331846 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12546473 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001331846 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11336159 035 $a(PQKB)11243410 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1774210 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10957100 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL922483 035 $a(OCoLC)890216616 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1774210 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000225006 100 $a20141030h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aOpen design and innovation $efacilitating design for everyone /$fLeon Cruickshank 210 1$aFarnham, Surrey, England ;$aBurlington, [Vermont] :$cGower Publishing Limited,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (190 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-43325-9 311 $a1-4094-4854-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; 7 The Future for Open Designers; Acknowledgements; Part 1: Open Design in Context; 1 Introduction to Open Design; 2 Innovation and Design in Context; 3 Mass Creativity: Design Beyond the Design Profession; 4 Design Responses to Mass Creativity; 5 Open Design Futures; Part 2: Open Design Case Studies; 6 Introduction to Case Studies; Case Study 1: The .NET Gadgeteer: Open Design Platform ; Case Study 2: La Region 27 and the Open Design of Public Services; Case Study 3: Silver=Gold: Professional Designers Working in Open Creative Processes 327 $aCase Study 4: Educating Open Designers Case Study 5: PROUD: Beyond the Castle: Open Designers in Action; Part 3: The Future; Bibliography; Index 330 $aOpen innovation, pro-sumers, disruptive design and brand fanaticism are amongst a handful of new approaches to design and innovation that have generated discussion and media coverage in recent years. In practice, these ideas often excite more than providing pragmatic strategies. Open Design and Innovation develops the argument for a more nuanced acknowledgement and facilitation of 'non-professional' forms of creativity; drawing on lessons from commercial design practice; theoretical analysis and a wider understanding of innovation.The book offers a critique of the hype surrounding some of the 606 $aCreative ability 606 $aDemocratization 615 0$aCreative ability. 615 0$aDemocratization. 676 $a658.3/14 700 $aCruickshank$b Leon$01133026 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910806124303321 996 $aOpen design and innovation$93946538 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05295oam 22013454 450 001 9910970752203321 005 20250426110744.0 010 $a9786612841880 010 $a9781462368907 010 $a1462368905 010 $a9781452703671 010 $a1452703671 010 $a9781282841888 010 $a1282841882 010 $a9781451870954 010 $a1451870957 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055140 035 $a(EBL)1608055 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001486957 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11928413 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001486957 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11478182 035 $a(PQKB)10737878 035 $a(OCoLC)762944277 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008237 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608055 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2008237 035 $aWPIEA2008237 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055140 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Spending and Absorption of Aid in PRGF Supported Programs /$fJan Martijn, Markus Berndt, Abu Shonchoy, Paolo Dudine 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (46 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/237 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781451915488 311 08$a1451915489 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Background; III. Conceptual Framework; IV. Methodology; V. Results; A. Spending, Absorption, and Smoothing of Aid Increases in PRGF Programs; B. Alternative Model in Levels; VI. Conclusions; Appendices; I. The Dataset; II. The Model; III. Estimation Results; References 330 3 $aThis paper studies the spending and absorption of aid in PRGF-supported programs, verifies whether the use aid is programmed to be smoothed over time, and analyzes how considerations about macroeconomic stability influence the programmed use of aid. It finds that PRGF-supported programs allow countries to use most or almost all increases in aid within a few years. The paper finds some evidence that the programmed absorption of aid is higher in countries where reserve coverage is above a certain threshold, whereas programmed spending does not seem to depend on inflation. Finally, it shows that the presence of a PRGFsupported program does not constrain the actual spending and absorption of aid. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/237 606 $aExpenditures, Public$xEconometric models 606 $aAbsorptive capacity (Economics)$xEconometric models 606 $aEconomic assistance$xEconometric models 606 $aBalance of payments statistics$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments$2imf 606 $aComputer Programs: Other$2imf 606 $aCurrent Account Adjustment$2imf 606 $aCurrent account deficits$2imf 606 $aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology$2imf 606 $aDebt Management$2imf 606 $aDebt$2imf 606 $aDebts, Public$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aEconometrics & economic statistics$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aGovernment debt management$2imf 606 $aGovernment finance statistics$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aShort-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aSovereign Debt$2imf 606 $aStatistics$2imf 607 $aBenin$2imf 615 0$aExpenditures, Public$xEconometric models. 615 0$aAbsorptive capacity (Economics)$xEconometric models. 615 0$aEconomic assistance$xEconometric models. 615 7$aBalance of payments statistics 615 7$aBalance of payments 615 7$aComputer Programs: Other 615 7$aCurrent Account Adjustment 615 7$aCurrent account deficits 615 7$aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology 615 7$aDebt Management 615 7$aDebt 615 7$aDebts, Public 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aEconometrics & economic statistics 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aGovernment debt management 615 7$aGovernment finance statistics 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aShort-term Capital Movements 615 7$aSovereign Debt 615 7$aStatistics 676 $a336.39 700 $aMartijn$b Jan$01816220 701 $aBerndt$b Markus$01816221 701 $aDudine$b Paolo$01451146 701 $aShonchoy$b Abu$01816222 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970752203321 996 $aThe Spending and Absorption of Aid in PRGF Supported Programs$94372017 997 $aUNINA