LEADER 05769oam 22012494 450 001 9910970616003321 005 20250426110052.0 010 $a9781475573459 010 $a1475573456 010 $a9781475597356 010 $a1475597355 035 $a(CKB)2550000001041548 035 $a(EBL)1607090 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000943241 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11523885 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943241 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10975476 035 $a(PQKB)11100227 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607090 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10661239 035 $a(OCoLC)820489716 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012285 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012285 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607090 035 $aWPIEA2012285 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001041548 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPension Reforms in Japan /$fKenichiro Kashiwase, Masahiro Nozaki, Kiichi Tokuoka 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (22 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781475576801 311 08$a1475576803 311 08$a9781475544312 311 08$a1475544316 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Japan: Population Aging in Japan and OECD Countries; 2. Japan: Social Security Spending; II. The Pension System and Past Reforms in Japan; 3. Japan: Public Pension System; 4. Japan: NP and EPI Pension Spending and Contributions, 2010-2100; Boxes; 1. Japan: How Does Macro Indexing Work?; III. Pension Reform Options to Reduce the Fiscal Burden; Tables; 1. Japan: Options to Reduce Government for Basic Pension; 2. Japan: Growth Impact of Pension Reform Options; A. Raise Pension Eligibility Age 327 $a5. Japan: Life Expectancy after Pension Eligibility Age, 2000-20306. OECD Countries: Pension Eligibility Age and Life Expectancy in 2010 and 2030; B. Lower Replacement Ratio; 7. Pension Benefit Replacement Rate for Single Earner Couples; 3. Japan: Old-age Poverty in Japan and the Role of Pensions; C. Higher Contribution Rates; 8. Pension Contribution Rate, 2009; D. Reducing Preferential Treatments; IV. Conclusion; Appendices; I. Methodologies to Calculate Fiscal Savings from Reform Options; References 330 3 $aThis paper analyzes various reform options for Japan?s public pension in light of large fiscal consolidation needs of the country. The most attractive option is to increase the pension eligibility age in line with high and rising life expectancy. This would have a positive effect on long-run economic growth and would be relatively fair in sharing the burden of fiscal adjustment between younger and older generations. Other attractive options include better targeting by ?clawing back? a small portion of pension benefits from wealthy retirees, reducing preferential tax treatment of pension benefit incomes, and collecting contributions from dependent spouses of employees, who are currently eligible for pension benefits even though they make no contributions. These options, if implemented concurrently, could reduce the government annual subsidy and the government deficit by up to 1¼ percent of GDP by 2020. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/285 606 $aPensions$zJapan 606 $aRetirement income$zJapan 606 $aAggregate Factor Income Distribution$2imf 606 $aAging$2imf 606 $aDemographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts$2imf 606 $aDemography$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Elderly$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Handicapped$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aFiscal Policy$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aLabor$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aNon-labor Market Discrimination$2imf 606 $aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits$2imf 606 $aPension reform$2imf 606 $aPension spending$2imf 606 $aPensions$2imf 606 $aPopulation & demography$2imf 606 $aPopulation aging$2imf 606 $aPopulation and demographics$2imf 606 $aPrivate Pensions$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aSocial Security and Public Pensions$2imf 607 $aJapan$2imf 615 0$aPensions 615 0$aRetirement income 615 7$aAggregate Factor Income Distribution 615 7$aAging 615 7$aDemographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts 615 7$aDemography 615 7$aEconomics of the Elderly 615 7$aEconomics of the Handicapped 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aFiscal Policy 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aLabor 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aNon-labor Market Discrimination 615 7$aNonwage Labor Costs and Benefits 615 7$aPension reform 615 7$aPension spending 615 7$aPensions 615 7$aPopulation & demography 615 7$aPopulation aging 615 7$aPopulation and demographics 615 7$aPrivate Pensions 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aSocial Security and Public Pensions 676 $a362.952 700 $aKashiwase$b Kenichiro$01815786 701 $aNozaki$b Masahiro$01815787 701 $aTokuoka$b Kiichi$01815653 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970616003321 996 $aPension Reforms in Japan$94371301 997 $aUNINA