LEADER 04473nam 2200529Ia 450 001 9910970415403321 005 20251116153247.0 010 0 $a9780195358575 010 0 $a0195358570 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7036795 035 $a(CKB)24235085500041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC273157 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL273157 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10279160 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL52729 035 $a(OCoLC)935260967 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7036795 035 $a(OCoLC)1109194462 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924235085500041 100 $a19940315d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe press in the Arab Middle East $ea history /$fAmi Ayalon ; in cooperation with the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cOxford University Press$d1995 215 $axiv, 300 p 225 1 $aStudies in Middle Eastern history 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 275-287) and index. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- I: HISTORICAL PHASES -- 1. State Bulletins: Pronouncing the Official Truth -- Egyptian Events -- The Official Ottoman Press -- 2. Enthusiastic Beginnings: The Private Press, 1855-1882 -- The Private Press in Lebanon -- Egypt: The Focus Moves West -- Europe, the Convenient Refuge -- 3. The Private Press, 1882-1918 -- Egypt, the Capital of Arab Journalism -- The Fertile Crescent and the Hejaz: Beginnings -- Wartime Exigencies -- 4. The Arab States and the Press, 1918-1945 -- Egypt -- Syria and Lebanon -- Iraq -- Palestine -- The Journalistic Periphery: Transjordan and the Arabian Peninsula -- The End of an Era -- II: ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT -- 5. Press, State, and the Question of Freedom -- State and Press: The Stick and the Carrot -- Journalists and Freedom -- 6. The Reader -- Cultural Determinants -- Circulation -- Popular Exposure to the Press -- Press and Readership -- 7. Cultural Legacy and the Challenge of the Press -- Printing and the Guardians of Old Values -- Newspapers and Traditional Literary Norms -- The Vocabulary of the Press -- 8. The Economic Angle: The Press as Merchandise and as Enterprise -- The Press as Merchandise -- The Press as Enterprise: Starting Up -- Sources of Income: Advertising -- Sources of Income: Circulation -- Sources of Income: Subsidization -- 9. The Craft of the Arab Journalist -- Lure and Frustration -- Toward Professionalism -- Kurd 'Ali, Yusuf, Musa, Istanbuli -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W -- Y -- Z. 330 $aNewspapers and the practice of journalism began in the Middle East in the nineteenth century and evolved during a period of accelerated sociopolitical and cultural change. Inspired by a foreign model, the Arab press developed in its own way, in terms of its political and social roles, cultural function, and the public image of those who engaged in it. Ami Ayalon draws on a broad array of primary sources--a century of Arabic newspapers, biographies and memoirs of Arab journalists and politicians, and archival material--as well as a large body of published studies, to portray the remarkable vitality of Arab journalism. He explores the press as a Middle Eastern institution during its formative century before World War II and the circumstances that shaped its growth, tracing its impact, in turn, on local historical developments. After treating the major phases in chronological sequence, he looks closely at more specific aspects: the relations between press and state; newspapers and their audience; the press and traditional cultural norms; economic aspects of the trade; and journalism as a new profession in Arab society. 410 0$aStudies in Middle Eastern history (New York, N.Y.) 606 $aPress$zArab countries$xHistory 606 $aJournalism$zArab countries$xHistory 615 0$aPress$xHistory. 615 0$aJournalism$xHistory. 676 $a079/.17/4927 700 $aAyalon$b Ami$0658441 712 02$aMerkaz Dayan le-h?ek?er ha-Mizrah? ha-Tikhon v?e-Afrik?ah (Universit?at Tel-Aviv) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910970415403321 996 $aThe press in the Arab Middle East$94464794 997 $aUNINA