LEADER 10586nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910970043103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786610211814 010 $a9781280211812 010 $a1280211814 010 $a9780309562430 010 $a0309562430 010 $a9780585153964 010 $a0585153965 035 $a(CKB)110986584751040 035 $a(OCoLC)44964564 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10068385 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000193416 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12074384 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000193416 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10216483 035 $a(PQKB)10247065 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377152 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3377152 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10068385 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL21181 035 $a(OCoLC)814277902 035 $a(Perlego)4739623 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751040 100 $a19930218d1993 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aLivestock /$fCommittee on Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Imperatives, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1993 215 $a1 online resource (293 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aManaging global genetic resources 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a9780309103787 311 0 $a0309103789 311 0 $a9780309043946 311 0 $a0309043948 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aManaging Global Genetic Resources -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- TWO VIEWS ON LIVESTOCK CONSERVATION -- GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LIVESTOCK -- Origins of Traditional Breeds -- Displacement of Traditional Breeds -- The Impact of Technology -- LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS -- WHY CONSERVE THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LIVESTOCK? -- Economic Benefits -- Scientific Benefits -- Sociocultural Benefits -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONSERVING AND USING GERMPLASM -- Molecular Technologies -- Characterization of Genomes -- Gene Transfer and Mapping Technologies -- Genomic Libraries -- Animal Reproduction Technologies -- METHODS OF PRESERVING ANIMAL GERMPLASM -- EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT LIVESTOCK CONSERVATION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Expanded Programs and Activities -- Documentation of Breeds -- Increased Cooperation -- Research and Technology Development -- Cryopreservation as a Supplement to Breeding Populations -- National Initiatives -- A Global Organization -- 1 The Need to Conserve Livestock Genetic Resources -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE -- THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY -- Breeding and Improvement Technologies -- Reproductive Technologies -- Changes in Production Systems and Nutrition -- RATIONALES FOR CONSERVING LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES -- Economic Reasons for Conservation -- Scientific Rationale -- Cultural and Historical Rationale -- APPROACHES TO LIVESTOCK CONSERVATION -- The Utilizationist's View -- The Preservationist's View -- The Committee's View -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 2 Essential Conservation Considerations -- CRITERIA FOR CONSERVING POPULATIONS -- Status and Vulnerability of the Population -- Uniqueness and Importance of the Population -- STRATEGIES FOR SAMPLING POPULATIONS -- METHODS FOR PRESERVING LIVESTOCK GERMPLASM -- Managing Live Populations. 327 $aPublic and Private Initiatives to Manage Live Populations -- Cryopreservation -- Genomic Libraries -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Measurement and Use of Genetic Variation -- THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN SOCIETY -- Subdivision into Breeds -- FACTORS AFFECTING GENETIC VARIATION -- Selection -- Migration -- Mutation -- Genetic Drift -- GERMPLASM USE -- Industrial Stocks -- Nonindustrial Populations -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 New Technology and Its Impact on Conservation -- METHODS TO QUANTIFY GENETIC VARIATION -- Molecular Quantification of Genetic Diversity and Distances -- Characterizing Mitochondrial DNA -- Developing Genetic Maps -- DNA LIBRARIES AND GENE TRANSFER METHODOLOGIES -- Establishing an Animal Genomic Library -- Cloning Genes in a Library -- Screening an Animal Genomic Library -- Transfer of a Cloned Gene into Another Animal Line -- DNA Libraries as Supplements to Conservation Programs -- Identifying Quantitative Traits -- REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- Cryopreservation of Semen and Embryos -- Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer -- Embryo Splitting and Cloning -- Determining Sex -- HEALTH STATUS OF GERMPLASM -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 National Programs -- EXAMPLES OF CURRENT NATIONAL EFFORTS -- Hungary -- Brazil -- India -- Nongovernmental Projects -- ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS OF A NATIONAL PROGRAM -- Documentation and Inventory -- Animal Genetic Resources Data Base -- Conservation of Unique and Endangered Populations -- Evaluation and International Use of Indigenous and Exotic Populations -- Collaboration with Other Programs -- Opportunities for Research -- GERMPLASM CONSERVATION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Information and Data -- 6 International Programs and a Global Mechanism -- INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS -- Efforts on a Global Level -- The FAO Program on Managing Animal Genetic Resources -- Global Inventory. 327 $aBreed Preservation -- Indigenous Breed Development and Conservation -- Gene Technologies -- An International Legal Framework -- INFORMATION SOURCES AND DATA BASES -- Data Bases -- CREATING REGIONAL STORES OF FROZEN GERMPLASM -- RELATED ISSUES OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCE PROGRAMS -- GLOBAL CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GERMPLASM -- Criteria for a Global Program -- Donor Confidence -- Scientific Capability -- Administrative Expertise -- Consultative Mechanism -- Options for a Global Program -- An Institute within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research -- Expanded Efforts of the Food and Agriculture Organization -- Expanded Support of an Existing Conservation Organization -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Global Status of Livestock and Poultry Species -- Cattle -- Europe -- Asia -- Africa -- The Americas -- Australia -- Goats -- Europe -- Asia -- Africa -- The Americas -- Pigs -- Europe -- Asia -- Africa -- The Americas -- Australia and New Zealand -- Horse -- Europe -- Asia -- Africa -- The Americas -- Australia -- Sheep -- Europe -- Asia -- Africa -- The Americas -- Australia and New Zealand -- Buffalo -- Poultry -- Chickens -- Turkeys -- Guinea Fowl -- Japanese Quail -- Domestic Ducks -- Muscovy Ducks -- Domestic Geese -- Pigeons -- References -- Appendix B Embryo Transfer: An Assessment of the Risks of Disease Transmission -- Embryo Transfer Technology in Domestic Species -- The Disease Transmission Potential of Embryos -- Mechanisms of Disease Transmission by Embryo Transfer -- Studies of the Disease Transmission Potential of Embryos -- Transmissibility of Specific Agents by Embryo Transfer -- African Swine Fever Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Akabane Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Bluetongue Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Bovine Leukemia Virus -- Results and Conclusions. 327 $aBovine Viral Diarrhea Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Brucella Abortus -- Results and Conclusions -- Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Haemophilus Somnus -- Results and Conclusions -- Hog Cholera Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Porcine Parvovirus -- Results and Conclusions -- Pseudorabies Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Rinderpest Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Scrapie -- Results and Conclusions -- Swine Vesicular Disease Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Vesicular Stomatitis Virus -- Results and Conclusions -- Conclusions -- Constraints to the International Exchange of Embryos -- Recommendations -- References -- ANNEX B-1 SANITARY TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING EMBRYOS -- Embryo Collection -- Embryo Washing -- Trypsin Treatment of Embryos -- Inspection of Embryos for Intactness of Zona Pellucida -- Micromanipulation of Embryos -- Cryopreservation and Thawing of Embryos -- Embryo Identification -- Embryo Transfer -- Conclusion -- ANNEX B-2 TABLES SUMMARIZING RESEARCH DATA -- Appendix C Animal Genetic Resources: Sperm -- Major Species of Domestic Livestock Involved in International Germplasm Trade -- Artificial Breeding Centers and Donor Animal Requirements -- Control of Collection, Handling, Preservation, and Storage of Semen -- Major Diseases of Concern in Artificial Breeding -- List A Agents -- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus -- Bluetongue Virus -- Rinderpest Virus -- Lumpy Skin Disease (Neethling Virus) -- Sheep and Goat Pox Virus -- Rift Valley Fever Virus -- Vesicular Stomatitis Virus -- Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia -- Swine Vesicular Disease Virus -- African Swine Fever Virus -- Hog Cholera Virus -- Summary -- List B Agents -- Bacterial and Protozoal Agents. 327 $aMycoplasmas -- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis -- Bovine Leukosis Virus -- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus -- Ephemeral Fever Virus -- Akabane Virus -- Parainfluenza 3 Virus -- Porcine Parvovirus -- Diseases of Sheep and Goats -- Diseases of Horses -- Poultry Diseases -- Artificial Breeding of Endangered and Rare Species -- Recommendations for Further Research -- References -- Glossary -- Abbreviations -- Authors -- Index. 330 $aAgricultural techniques used to increase production of cattle, sheep, and other major species have actually threatened the future genetic diversity of livestock populations, particularly in the Third World. This volume explores the importance of animal genetic diversity and presents a blueprint for national and international efforts to conserve animal genetic resources. It also evaluates genetic techniques useful in conservation programs and provides specific recommendations for establishing data bases and conducting research. 410 0$aManaging global genetic resources. 606 $aLivestock$xGermplasm resources 615 0$aLivestock$xGermplasm resources. 676 $a636.08/21 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Imperatives. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970043103321 996 $aLivestock$94356679 997 $aUNINA