LEADER 09788nam 2200709Ia 450 001 9910969847903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786610193585 010 $a9781280193583 010 $a1280193581 010 $a9780309586801 010 $a0309586801 010 $a9780585030227 010 $a0585030227 035 $a(CKB)110986584751438 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000264160 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12077326 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000264160 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10291637 035 $a(PQKB)10885361 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376033 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376033 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055026 035 $a(OCoLC)923260621 035 $a(Perlego)4739802 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751438 100 $a19920812d1994 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aConsequences and control /$fAlbert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1994 215 $a1 online resource (viii, 397 pages) $cillustrationa 225 0 $aUnderstanding and preventing violence ;$vv.4 300 $a"Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior, Committee on Law and Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council." 311 0 $a9780309050791 311 0 $a0309050790 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and indexes. 327 $aUnderstanding and Preventing Violence -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Public Perceptions and Reactions to Violent Offending and Victimization -- INTRODUCTION -- FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION -- CONCEPTUAL ISSUES -- MEASURING FEAR -- SURVEY RESEARCH ON FEAR -- OFFENSE-SPECIFIC FEAR -- SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FEAR -- OTHER CORRELATES -- CUES TO DANGER -- Dangerous Places -- Dangerous Persons -- Other Cues -- FEAR AND PRIOR VICTIMIZATION -- CONSEQUENCES OF FEAR -- SURVEY DATA ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF FEAR -- COLLECTIVE RESPONSES -- FEAR IN BROADER CONTEXT -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON VIOLENCE -- NEWS COVERAGE OF CRIME -- CRITICISMS OF MEDIA NEWS COVERAGE -- CRIME AS ENTERTAINMENT -- EFFECTS OF MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS -- INTERPERSONAL DIFFUSION OF CRIME NEWS -- PERCEIVED SERIOUSNESS OF OFFENSES -- PUBLIC OPINION ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE -- NORMATIVE EVALUATIONS OF PUNISHMENT -- VICTIM, OFFENDER, AND RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS -- ETHNOPENOLOGIES -- PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- FUTURE RESEARCH -- FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION -- OTHER ISSUES -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- The Costs and Consequences of Violent Behavior in the United States -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATING COSTS -- Comparison of Aggregate Crime Costs to Other Social Ills -- Comparison of Harm by Type of Victimization -- Benefit-Cost Analysis of Policy Options -- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES -- MONETARY VERSUS NONMONETARY COSTS -- Interdependency of Cost Categories -- Offsetting Benefits of Victimization -- Efficient Versus Inefficient Costs -- Fixed, Average, and Marginal Costs -- Real Versus Opportunity Costs -- Victim Assistance and Other Cost-Reducing Costs -- Time Frame for Cost Estimation -- COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- Direct Consequences of Violent Behavior -- Society's Response to Violent Behavior -- Offender Costs. 327 $aCOST OF CRIME AND INJURY LITERATURE -- Approaches to Measuring the Cost of Injury -- Cost of Crime Literature -- Cost of Injury Literature -- THE COST OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- COST OF VICTIM TREATMENT AND OTHER DIRECT COSTS -- Medical Care -- Mental Health Care -- Monetary Losses to Victims: Cash and Property -- Indirect Monetary and Nonmonetary Losses -- EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO VICTIMIZATION -- Victim Services -- Police Response Administrative Costs -- Emergency Transport -- VICTIM PRODUCTIVITY COSTS -- PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION COSTS -- Health and Life Insurance Claims -- Income Transfer Programs -- Property Insurance Claims -- Legal Costs Associated With Tort Claims -- Pain, Suffering, and Quality of Life Costs for Nonfatal Victims -- Evidence Using the Compensation Approach -- Evidence Using Willingness to Pay -- RISK OF DEATH -- QUALITY OF LIFE OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF VICTIM -- Increased Work Load of Family Members -- Loss of Companionship/Consortium -- Psychological Injury to Family Member -- PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA TO WITNESSES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- INJURIES CAUSED BY EARLIER VICTIMS -- COST OF SOCIETY'S RESPONSE TO VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND FEAR OF CRIME -- Monetary Expenditures for Crime Prevention -- Crime Prevention Behavior -- Fear of Crime -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM COSTS -- Investigation, Prosecution, and Court-Related Costs -- Legal Fees Associated With Criminal Justice System -- Cost of Sanctions -- Victim and Witness Interaction With Criminal Justice System -- OTHER NONCRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMS -- INCARCERATED OFFENDER COSTS -- COST OF "OVERDETERRENCE -- COST OF "JUSTICE -- OFFENDER COSTS -- SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES -- WHO PAYS FOR VICTIM INJURIES? -- SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES. 327 $aViolence and Intentional Injuries: Criminal Justice and Public Health Perspectives on an Urgent National Problem -- INTRODUCTION -- CRIMINAL VIOLENCE" AND "INTENTIONAL INJURIES": DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF A SHARED CONCERN -- THE COMMON CONCERN: INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- Criminal Justice Emphasis on the Offender -- Public Health Focus on the Victim -- PROBLEMS RELATED TO INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- Violence and "Nonviolent" Crimes -- Violence and Relationships -- TOWARD A SYNTHESIS -- ''INTENTIONS OF OFFENDERS" AND "RISK FACTORS FOR VIOLENCE": TWO DIFFERENT CAUSAL PARADIGMS -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE INTENTIONS OF OFFENDERS -- PUBLIC HEALTH: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH -- Vectors, Hosts, and Environments -- Timing of Interventions -- Complex Sociological Prevention -- SOCIOLOGICAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSES -- Spatial and Temporal Location of Crimes -- Situational Analyses of Crime Causation -- Criminogenic Commodities -- DANGEROUS OFFENDERS AS VECTORS OF VIOLENCE -- WIDENING CRIMINAL JUSTICE CONCEPTIONS OF CAUSATION -- FAVORED POLICY APPROACHES -- REACTIVE VERSUS PREVENTIVE APPROACHES -- PREVENTIVE APPROACHES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE -- Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Rehabilitation -- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention -- Controlling Criminogenic Commodities -- Situational Approaches to Crime Control -- PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES TO VIOLENCE PREVENTION -- Violence in the Context of Relations -- Innovative Approaches to Youth Violence -- Environmental Approaches to Prevention -- Cultural Approaches to Violence Prevention -- LAW VERSUS EDUCATION IN BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES -- TOWARD A SYNTHESIS -- RESOURCES: TROOPS, ANALYSTS, AND COMMUNITY LEADERS -- WHO HAS THE TROOPS? -- PUBLIC HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIGHT -- KEY VALUES: JUSTICE VERSUS HEALTH -- NOTE -- REFERENCES. 327 $aPredicting Violent Behavior and Classifying Violent Offenders -- INTRODUCTION -- TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION -- DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION -- MEASURES OF QUALITY -- Validity -- Reliability -- Accuracy -- CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION METHODS -- Formal and Informal Methods -- Selection Bias -- Determining the Importance of Potential Predictive Factors -- CORRELATES AND CAUSES OF VIOLENCE -- CLASSIFICATION -- PURPOSES AND POPULATIONS CLASSIFIED -- TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION -- Psychological Tests-Rapid Assessments -- Psychological Tests-Multivariate Scaling Techniques -- Psychiatric Classifications -- Correctional Classification -- Clinical Predictions -- Official Record Data -- Self-Reports -- Epidemiologic Studies -- Observational Studies -- CONGRUENT FINDINGS ABOUT INDIVIDUALS CLASSIFIED AS VIOLENT PERSONS -- PREDICTION -- METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE -- Censoring Events -- Sample Selection Bias -- Statistical Limitations -- Efficient Use of Data -- PREDICTING VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- Occurrence Models -- Rate of Violence Models -- ACCURACY OF PREDICTION -- SUMMARY OF OUR REVIEW OF THE PREDICTION OF VIOLENCE -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Incarceration and Violent Crime: 1965-1988 -- DATA -- PRISON POPULATIONS -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CHANGING INCARCERATION RATES -- CHANGES IN OFFENDING -- CHANGES IN SANCTION POLICIES -- Arrest Risk per Crime, qa -- Certainty and Severity of Imprisonment -- IDENTIFYING THE COMPONENTS OF CHANGE IN INCARCERATION RATES -- SUMMARY -- CRIME CONTROL EFFECTS OF INCARCERATION FOR VIOLENT CRIMES -- INCAPACITATION OF VIOLENT CRIMES -- Individual Offending Frequency -- Heterogeneity in Individual Offending Frequencies -- Career Length (L) -- Incapacitation Under Offender Heterogeneity and Finite Careers. 327 $aRemaining Sources of Bias in Incapacitation Estimates -- DETERRENCE AND INCAPACITATION -- Exploratory Estimates of Deterrence Effects -- Remaining Sources of Bias in Deterrence Estimates -- POLICY CHOICES IN EXPANDING INCARCERATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Index. 606 $aViolence$zUnited States$xPrevention 606 $aViolence$zUnited States 606 $aViolent crimes$zUnited States 615 0$aViolence$xPrevention. 615 0$aViolence 615 0$aViolent crimes 676 $a303.6 701 $aReiss$b Albert J$0103070 701 $aRoth$b Jeffrey A.$f1945-$01094633 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910969847903321 996 $aConsequences and control$94356543 997 $aUNINA