LEADER 04370nam 22007094a 450 001 9910969737603321 005 20251117115324.0 010 $a1-280-08750-1 010 $a9786610087501 010 $a0-585-45133-8 024 7 $a10.1596/0-8213-4813-2 035 $a(CKB)111087027992780 035 $a(OCoLC)559107810 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary5007387 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000087310 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11110448 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000087310 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10053013 035 $a(PQKB)10899766 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050479 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050479 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr5007387 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL8750 035 $a(OCoLC)495528189 035 $a(The World Bank)00043983 035 $a(US-djbf)12165910 035 $a(BIP)6955292 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027992780 100 $a20000907d2000 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aHidden challenges to education systems in transition economies /$fSue E. Berryman 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWorld Bank, Europe and Central Asia Region$dc2000 215 $aix, 133 pages $cillustrations ;$d28 cm 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-8213-4813-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 126-129). 327 $aIntro -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Realign Education Systems with Market Economies and Open Societies -- 2. Combat Poverty by Increasing Educational Fairness -- 3. Finance for Sustainability, Quality, and Fairness -- 4. Spend Resources More Efficiently -- 5. Reinvent Governance, Management, and Accountability -- 6. The Role of the World Bank -- Annex Tables -- A1. Total Population -- A2. School Age Population -- A3. Total Fertility Rate -- A4. Demographic Projections by Region -- A5. Preschool Enrollment Rates -- A6. Basic Education Enrollment Rates -- A7. General Upper Secondary Enrollment Rates -- A8. Vocational/Technical Upper Secondary Enrollment Rates -- A9. Overall Upper Secondary Enrollment Rates -- A10. Share of Students in Upper Secondary Education -- A11. Tertiary Enrollment Rates -- A12. Share of University Enrollments by Field of Study, Selected ECA Countries -- A13. Unemployment by Educational Level, Selected ECA Countries -- A14. Share of Registered Unemployed by Educational Level, Selected ECA Countries -- A15. Total Public Expenditures on Education -- A16. Student/Teacher Ratios in Basic Education -- A17. Wages in Education in Selected ECA Countries -- References -- Glossary. 330 $aInformal payments in the health sector in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is emerging as a fundamental aspect of health care financing and as a major impediment to health care reform. Private payments to public doctors, nurses, and other health personnel are essentially an informal market for health care occurring within the confines of public health care service networks. These expenditures are also outside the financial controls, policy rubric, and audits of countries' health care systems. Like the informal sector, it is often illegal and unreported, and despite the terminology, is a form of corruption. This paper outlines the key policy issues, summarizes available data on the scope and nature of informal payments across ECA and spells out the policy implications and possible strategies to address the problem. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aEducation$xEconomic aspects$zEurope 606 $aEducation$xEconomic aspects$zAsia, Central 606 $aEducational change$zEurope 606 $aEducational change$zAsia, Central 615 0$aEducation$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aEducation$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aEducational change 615 0$aEducational change 676 $a338.4/737/094 700 $aBerryman$b Sue E.$f1938-$01861636 712 02$aWorld Bank.$bEurope and Central Asia Region. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910969737603321 996 $aHidden challenges to education systems in transition economies$94467777 997 $aUNINA