LEADER 06411nam 2200613 a 450 001 9910969599603321 005 20251117090850.0 010 $a1-61324-603-X 035 $a(CKB)2550000000044965 035 $a(EBL)3019286 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000522560 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12214924 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000522560 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10538669 035 $a(PQKB)11737236 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3019286 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3019286 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10670851 035 $a(OCoLC)742350562 035 $a(BIP)27098589 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000044965 100 $a20090813d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFederal spending $ea riddle wrapped up in an enigma /$fFrederick C. Hargis, editor 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cNova Science Publishers$dc2010 215 $a1 online resource (178 p.) 225 1 $aAmerican political, economic, and security issues series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-60741-728-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- FEDERAL SPENDING: A RIDDLE WRAPPED UP IN AN ENIGMA -- FEDERAL SPENDING: A RIDDLE WRAPPED UP IN AN ENIGMA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTEREST PAYMENTS ON THE FEDERAL DEBT: A PRIMER -- SUMMARY -- FEDERAL DEBT -- INTEREST PAYMENTS ON THE FEDERAL DEBT -- DETERMINANTS OF NET INTEREST PAYMENTS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 21ST CENTURY: ADDRESSING LONG-TERM FISCAL CHALLENGES MUST INCLUDE A RE-EXAMINATION OF MANDATORY SPENDING -- FEDERAL HEALTH CARE SPENDING DRIVES THE LONG-TERM FISCAL CHALLENGE -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 MANDATORY SPENDING SINCE 1962 -- ABSTRACT -- SUMMARY -- OVERVIEW -- WHAT DOES MANDATORY SPENDING INCLUDE? -- MANDATORY SPENDING TRENDS OVER TIME -- Changes in the Composition of Mandatory Spending -- Mandatory Spending and the Economy -- WHY HAS MANDATORY SPENDING RISEN? -- MANDATORY SPENDING BEYOND 2018 -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX. DISCRETIONARY SPENDING -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 MANDATORY SPENDING: USING BUDGET TRIGGERS TO CONSTRAIN GROWTH -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- TRIGGER MECHANISMS COULD HELP CONSTRAIN MANDATORY SPENDING BUT MUST BE CAREFULLY DESIGNED -- Issues to Consider in Constructing a Trigger -- Issues to Consider in Designing the Triggered Response -- Expert Views on Trigger Mechanisms Are Mixed -- REASONS FOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL OUTLAYS IN SELECTED ACCOUNTS VARIED -- Legislation Enacted After Original Estimates Explained Many Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Economic Factors Were Especially Important in Some Programs' Differences -- Technical Factors Explained a Broad Spectrum of Differences -- CONCLUSIONS -- MATTER FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION -- APPENDIX I: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF TRIGGERS AND RESPONSES FOR CASE STUDY ACCOUNTS. 327 $aAccount Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Illustrative Triggers and Response -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Ideas for Improving the Accuracy of Estimates -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Illustrative Trigger and Response -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Currently Existing Program Trigger and Response -- Illustrative Trigger and Response -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Currently Existing Program Triggers and Responses -- Illustrative Trigger and Response -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Illustrative Trigger and Response -- Account Name -- Administering Organization -- Program Description -- Funding Source -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Outlays -- Explanation of Key Differences -- Illustrative Triggers and Responses -- APPENDIX II: ANALYSIS OF TOTAL OUTLAYS, RECEIPTS, AND FISCAL POSITION. 327 $aAggregate Mandatory Spending Estimates Were Close to Actual Outlays but Large Differences Appear at the Account Level -- Differences between Estimated and Actual Mandatory Outlays Had Limited Effect on the Unified Deficit/Surplus -- APPENDIX III MANDATORY BUDGET ACCOUNTS -- End Notes -- Chapter 5 TRENDS IN DISCRETIONARY SPENDING -- ABSTRACT -- SUMMARY -- WHAT DOES DISCRETIONARY SPENDING INCLUDE?1 -- Budget Authority and Outlays -- TRENDS IN DISCRETIONARY SPENDING -- How has the Composition of Discretionary Spending Changed? -- Discretionary Defense Spending -- Discretionary Non-defense Spending -- Discretionary International Spending -- THE FY2009 BUDGET AND BEYOND -- CURRENT SITUATION -- DISCRETIONARY SPENDING IN THE LONG TERM -- End Notes -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page. 330 $aThis text looks at the three broad categories of federal spending; discretionary spending, mandatory spending, and net interest. 410 0$aAmerican political, economic, and security issues series. 606 $aGovernment spending policy$zUnited States 606 $aDebts, Public$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xAppropriations and expenditures 615 0$aGovernment spending policy 615 0$aDebts, Public 676 $a336.3/90973 701 $aHargis$b Frederick C$01863350 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910969599603321 996 $aFederal spending$94469961 997 $aUNINA