LEADER 03721nam 22006732 450 001 9910457446003321 005 20151005020622.0 010 $a1-107-23069-1 010 $a1-107-08683-3 010 $a1-280-48543-4 010 $a1-139-22317-8 010 $a9786613580412 010 $a1-139-21837-9 010 $a1-139-08421-6 010 $a1-139-22489-1 010 $a1-139-21528-0 010 $a1-139-22146-9 035 $a(CKB)2550000000082943 035 $a(EBL)833506 035 $a(OCoLC)775870032 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000613182 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11408141 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000613182 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10584992 035 $a(PQKB)11396186 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9781139084215 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC833506 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL833506 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10533174 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL358041 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000082943 100 $a20110504d2012|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe world-time parallel $etense and modality in logic and metaphysics /$fM.J. Cresswell and A.A. Rini$b[electronic resource] 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (xviii, 260 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 $a1-107-69160-5 311 $a1-107-01747-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPart I. Truth and Indexicality: 1. Semantical indices; 2. Philosophical entities; 3. Situated truth; 4. The privileged position -- Part II. Predicate Logic: Tense and Modal: 5. A formal language; 6. The non-existent; 7. Multiple indexing; 8. Time and world quantifiers -- Part III. Times and Worlds, or Tense and Modality?: 9. Primitive modality and primitive tense; 10. 'Modalism' and 'tensism'; 11. The present and the actual; 12. Utterances; 13. Relativity -- Part IV. De Rerum Natura: 14. Individuals and stages; 15. Predicate wormism; 16. Abstract and concrete; 17. Supervenience -- Appendices: 1. The equivalence of Lmulti, Lxtw and Li; 2. Language and metalanguage; 3. Plantinga's metaphysics; 4. Interval semantics; 5. Fatalism and the world-time parallel (with H. Kocurek). 330 $aIs what could have happened but never did as real as what did happen? What did happen, but isn't happening now, happened at another time. Analogously, one can say that what could have happened happens in another possible world. Whatever their views about the reality of such things as possible worlds, philosophers need to take this analogy seriously. Adriane Rini and Max Cresswell exhibit, in an easy step-by-step manner, the logical structure of temporal and modal discourse, and show that every temporal construction has an exact parallel that requires a language that can refer to worlds, and vice versa. They make precise, in a way which can be articulated and tested, the claim that the parallel is at work behind even ordinary talk about time and modality. The book gives metaphysicians a sturdy framework for the investigation of time and modality - one that does not presuppose any particular metaphysical view. 606 $aTime 606 $aModality (Theory of knowledge) 615 0$aTime. 615 0$aModality (Theory of knowledge) 676 $a115 700 $aCresswell$b M. J.$047852 702 $aRini$b Adriane 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457446003321 996 $aThe world-time parallel$92480580 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04348oam 22010814 450 001 9910967113603321 005 20250426110554.0 010 $a9786613845863 010 $a9781462321544 010 $a1462321542 010 $a9781451999440 010 $a1451999445 010 $a9781283533416 010 $a1283533413 010 $a9781451909609 010 $a1451909608 035 $a(CKB)3360000000444098 035 $a(EBL)3014364 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000939915 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11592407 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000939915 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10937984 035 $a(PQKB)10722709 035 $a(OCoLC)712989254 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2006247 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3014364 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2006247 035 $aWPIEA2006247 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000444098 100 $a20020129d2006 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Magnitude and Distribution of Fuel Subsidies : $eEvidence from Bolivia, Ghana, Jordan, Mali, and Sri Lanka /$fRobert Gillingham, David Locke Newhouse, David Coady, Kangni Kpodar, Moataz El-Said, Paulo Medas 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2006. 215 $a1 online resource (39 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $a"November 2006". 311 08$a9781451865073 311 08$a1451865074 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $a""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. MAGNITUDE, FINANCING, AND DISTRIBUTION OF CONSUMER SUBSIDIES""; ""III. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES""; ""IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS""; ""APPENDIX I. IDENTIFYING MAGNITUDE AND FINANCING OF FUEL SUBSIDIES""; ""APPENDIX II. EVALUATING SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF REAL INCOME EFFECTS""; ""REFERENCES"" 330 3 $aWith the recent jump in world oil prices, the issue of petroleum product pricing has become increasingly important in developing countries. Reflecting a reluctance of many governments to pass these price increases onto energy users, energy price subsidies are absorbing an increasing share of scarce public resources. This paper identifies the issues that need to be discussed when analyzing the fiscal and social costs of fuel subsidies. Using examples from analyses recently undertaken for five countries, it also identifies the magnitude of consumer subsidies and their fiscal implications. The results of the analysis show that-in all of these countries-energy subsidies have significant social and fiscal costs and are badly targeted. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2006/247 606 $aFuel$xPrices$vStatistics 606 $aFuel trade$xSubsidies 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aEnergy industries & utilities$2imf 606 $aEnergy subsidies$2imf 606 $aEnergy: Demand and Supply$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 606 $aFuel prices$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aOil prices$2imf 606 $aPersonal income$2imf 606 $aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 607 $aSri Lanka$2imf 615 0$aFuel$xPrices 615 0$aFuel trade$xSubsidies. 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aEnergy industries & utilities 615 7$aEnergy subsidies 615 7$aEnergy: Demand and Supply 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 615 7$aFuel prices 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aOil prices 615 7$aPersonal income 615 7$aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aPublic Finance 700 $aGillingham$b Robert$01812644 701 $aCoady$b David$0629944 701 $aEl-Said$b Moataz$01815854 701 $aKpodar$b Kangni$01193209 701 $aMedas$b Paulo$01815767 701 $aNewhouse$b David Locke$01815838 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910967113603321 996 $aThe Magnitude and Distribution of Fuel Subsidies$94371389 997 $aUNINA